Green Innovation. Nokia Case

Cutting edge promoting. Manageable development Nokia contextual analysis Introduction: The innovation offers a guarantee of a superior world through the upgrades in ways of life. Then again, asset extraction, emanations of risky materials, and contamination of air, water, and soil have made conditions for ecological disaster and have just made irreversible harm the Earth.That is the reason in most recent couple of years, organizations began concentrating on an eco-advancement. Eco-advancement is the advancement of items and procedures that contribute toâ sustainable turn of events, applying the business use of information to evoke immediate or aberrant environmental upgrades. This incorporates a scope of related thoughts, fromâ environmentally friendlyâ technological advances to socially worthy imaginative ways towards maintainability (http://en. ikipedia. organization/wiki/Eco-development). Maintainability can be characterized in an assortment of ways. The short definition made i n 1983 by an UN commission is:â â€Å"Meeting the requirements of the present without trading off the capacity of people in the future to meet their own needs† (http://www. un. organization/en/maintainability/list. shtml). The European Union embraced activity intends to advance innovations that utilization less earth hurtful alternatives.For model, the EU has passed laws requiring vitality utilizing items, for example, electrical and electronic gadgets and warming hardware, to be intended to be more vitality proficient (EPEAT). The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) forces the obligation regarding the removal of waste electrical and electronic gear on the makers. The Energy utilizing Products (EuP) Directive, sets necessities to diminish the natural effect of items that utilization power over their whole lifecycle.REACH is an ongoing European Community Regulation on synthetic substances and their sheltered use through better and prior recognizable pr oof of the inherent properties of compound substances, particularly those containing more than tons of lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium (VI), polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) fire retardants. Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications and data innovation enterprise. Its essential items areâ mobile telephonesâ and convenient IT devices.It likewise offers Internet administrations including applications,â games, music,â mediaâ andâ messaging, and for nothing out of pocket computerized map data andâ navigationâ services through its entirely possessed subsidiary Navteq. Nokia has around 101,982 representatives across 120 nations, deals in excess of 150 nations and yearly incomes of around â‚ ¬30 billion. It is theâ world's second-biggest cell phone makerâ by 2012 unit deals with a globalâ market shareâ of 22. 5% in the principal quarter of that year. Nokia was the world's biggest seller of cell phones from 1998 to 2012.However, in the course of recent years it has endured a declining piece of the pie because of the developing utilization of cell phones from different merchants, and gadgets running on Androidâ operating framework. Subsequently, its offer cost has tumbled from a high of US$40 in late 2007 to under US$2 in mid-2012. Since February 2011, Nokia has had a vital association with Microsoft, as a component of which all Nokia cell phones will consolidate Microsoft's Windows Phoneâ operating framework. Its first handsets were discharged in October that year (http://en. ikipedia. organization/wiki/Nokia). Reason and Mission Nokia’s crucial straightforward: Connecting People. The objective of Nokia organization is to make portable items that permit individuals worldwide to appreciate the innovation. The key components of Nokia methodology are: * building another winningâ mobile environment in association with Microsoft * bringing the following billion online in creating development markets * putting resources into cutting edge problematic innovations * expanding our attention on speed, results and responsibility (http://www. okia. com/worldwide/about-nokia/about-us/about-us/) Nokia follows the idea of the open development which lead to shaping a vital organization with Microsoft that will recapture lost spot in a cell phone showcase. Open advancement urges Nokia-Microsoft collaboration to look and trade new information, create items and administrations to get serious in the market. I accept open advancement will profit Nokia and its customers as it will upgrade connection among maker and users.Although, Nokia isn't a vitality serious organization on the grounds that the greater part of the ozone harming substance emanations happen just during assembling by providers or use of items, Nokia focuses on the vitality utilization and ozone harming substance outflows of its items and activities. The primary of Nokia should concentrate on lessening vitalit y utilization and ozone harming substance emanations just as bringing issues to light and advancing best feasible practices in cell phone industry. In understanding to the terms of REACH, Nokia has promised that the utilization of synthetic concoctions in Nokia items and procedures will be sheltered to people and the environment.Furthermore, Nokia is the principal organization that made atmosphere methodology that focuses on items, fabricating, offices, coordinations, providers  and clients. Up until this point, the ozone depleting substance impression of Nokia telephones has been decreased by up to half somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2010, while presenting new highlights and abilities. As I would see it, Nokia should concentrate on its clients in empowering and teaching them through utilization of the items to be more eco-accommodating. For instance, create travel applications that help individuals in arriving at goals faster and application that urge individuals to pick open vehicle rather than cars.The most valuable application would be one that shows the closest bus stations, train or metro stations, the defeats, goals and the hour of appearance/takeoff. Besides, Nokia items ought to have vitality sparing alternatives accessible in each cell phone model, such as turning off online capacities (WIFI, web, GPS and so forth) when they are not being used for some timeframe. Supportable versatile items Nokia items are eco-accommodating as the organization utilizes maintainable materials, creates littler, recyclable bundling and improves vitality effectiveness for products.Every Nokia item accompanies an eco profile, which clarifies its materials, vitality productivity, bundling, ecological effect and reusing. Picture 1. Elements of Nokia cell phones Adopted from: www. nokia. com/worldwide/about-nokia/individuals and-planet/manageable gadgets/materials/materials/New Nokia items are eco-developments and have natural highlights. For instance: Nokia Lumia 820 - programmed screen splendor change, - battery saver highlight, - vitality productive charger - contains bio plastics ; reused metals 100% recoverable as materials and vitality - 100 % recyclable, limited bundle made of - inexhaustible - materials containing up to 60% reused materials. Nokia 700 - Power Save mode, - encompassing light sensor, - unplug charger update, - OLED show, - contains reused metals, bioplastics, bio paints and reused plastics - 100% recyclable bundling (http://www. nokia. com/worldwide/about-nokia/individuals and-planet/economical gadgets/supportable gadgets/) In my assessment, Nokia ought to likewise concentrate on procedure of reusing the old phones.For model, when clients need to purchase another Nokia telephone, the organization ought to continue as indicated by The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) that forces the obligation regarding the removal of electrical hardware on the makers. The best arrangement would pay an old telephone off clients at a little cost and reuse a few pieces of the telephone to recuperate the materials which can be utilized for creating new models. The Research ; Development office ought to likewise concentrate on advancement with respect to the new vitality sources, for instance, sun based power.To my unexpected I discovered that Nokia as of now has been trying the Portable Solar Charger as a charging open doors for individuals that need to utilize Nokia cell phones however don't approach the power. Besides, in 2006 Nokia presented little bundling which is simpler to reuse. Lighter bundling likewise decreased transportation costs. As I would like to think, Nokia should even now deal with lessening the utilization of paper and plastic in the bundling. A portion of the bundles despite everything have paper data, endorsements and directions which are pointless. As I would see it, these ocuments along with the user’s guide ought not be remembered for a bundle, yet accessible onlin e for all clients. Advancement Nokia advances its items as eco-accommodating in the cell phone showcase. The organization additionally brings issues to light about natural issues, training. The ideal method of advancing the organization with practical qualities on the planet is to improve access to data and correspondence advances (ICT) in creating nations. This would carry advantages to individuals who can't get to these advancements for budgetary or topographical reasons.The organization should offer moderate versatile items and administrations to assist individuals with creating business and work openings everywhere throughout the world. Nokia has just done it, as it teams up with UNESCO’s Education for All and utilizations the versatile innovation to create portable instructive items, for example, Nokia Education Delivery, Nokia Life and Nokia versatile science. Nokia Education Delivery utilizes versatile innovation to convey quality instruction materials to remote, diffi cult to-arrive at regions so educators and mentors can get to and download recordings and other instructive resources.Furthermore, in 2008, Nokia propelled a pilot plot for portable arithmetic in South Africa. Nokia Life instruction administrations give wellbeing data and guidance on pregnancy, child rearing, sicknesses, manures and pesticides, yield upgrade procedures, showcase costs, and climate (temperature, precipitation, wind conditions). In my

Human Capital Explanation of the Contribution of Education and Essay

Human Capital Explanation of the Contribution of Education and Training in the Economy - Essay Example Human capital clarification is one such clarification; it expresses that instruction and preparing has sizeable effect on the people, associations, and the general economy (Blundell, Dearden, Meghir and Sianesi, 1999, p. 3). As a rule, human capital clarification takes in stock the character properties, information, and abilities that are implanted in the people’s capacities to perform work that eventually results to financial worth creation. Human capital clarification proposes that instruction and preparing increments people’s profitability by granting helpful qualities, abilities, and information subsequently raising their pay and encouraging the working of financial structures (Burton-Jones and Spender, 2011, p. 32). It ought to be noticed that human capital is itself a result of instruction and preparing combined with different viewpoints, for example, experience and control. Haldar and Mallik (2010, p. 9) sees that various investigations that have widely investiga ted on how instruction and preparing sway the economy have indicated that they fundamentally add to by and large yield age in economy. With regards to human capital, instruction and preparing are seen as ventures which empower people of a specific culture to be outfitted with aptitudes and information that improve their gainful limits and employability in the end prompting higher profit. At the total level, human capital clarification specify that instruction and preparing contribute fundamentally to the economy through its effect on profitability development and household yield (Burton-Jones and Spender, 2011, p. 40). It is in the light of this, that this exposition tries to clarify the human capital clarification of the commitment of instruction and preparing in the economy. Moreover, the exposition talks about the job that the administration should play on the side of post necessary instruction and preparing in order to give the impetus structure to people and firms. Burton-Jones and Spender (2011, p. 40) note that the human capital clarification has three principle segments that are basic in understanding the commitment of instruction and preparing in the economy. These parts include: information and capabilities increased through conventional instruction; capabilities, mastery, and aptitudes got through preparing on a particular activity; and natural or procured capacity. As indicated by Becker (2004, p. 11), the human capital clarification is established on the acknowledgment that the choices of people and firms to put resources into human capital is the equivalent to that choices concerning different kinds of ventures that people and firms embrace. As such human capital idea see instruction and preparing as human capital speculations that include beginning costs, for example, done without profit while an individual is at school, instructional class charges, and education costs among other introductory costs that an individual wants to make returns later on, for example, through higher firm profitability or expanded income. Haldar and Mallik (2010, p. 22) contend that simply like physical capital ventures, human capital speculations will be embraced by people or firms that target amplifying riches if the arrival that is normal from the ventures is higher than interest’s showcase rate. All in all, how does the human capital idea clarify the commitment of instruction and preparing in the economy? As indicated by Blundell, Dearden, Meghir and Sianesi (1999, p. 20), human capital has three clarifications with respect to

HOW TO Edit Subtitles To Sync It With The Audio

HOW TO Edit Subtitles To Sync It With The Audio Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Edit Subtitles To Sync It With The AudioUpdated On 16/01/2018Author : PraveenTopic : Tips and tricksShort URL : https://hbb.me/2Dz5xHl CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWhen it comes to movie, we dont care much about the language spoken in it, its because of the subtitles that are available in many languages. There are sites like opensubtitle.org which gives you subtitles for almost all movies, for free.When you download a movie from internet, you might not be having the subtitles for it, then have to download the sub-titles separately, you can also easily sync and watch movies with subtitles. But in most cases they wont sync with the audio, either the sub-titles will appear little late, or little early. This might be quite irritating for people like me. So here is quick and easy way to edit the sub-titles to make it sync with the audio, so that you can enjoy yo ur movie.All you need is a very light weight and small software called Subtitle Workshop(1.04MB). Click here to start downloading the sub-title workshop. After completing the download, install sub-title workshop on your computer. There are no complicated steps in installation process, so I hope you can install it by yourself.Now Open Sub-Title Workshop.Now open a sub-title file(.srt file) that you want to edit. To open you can either go to File-Open subtitle and browse your sub-title file, or you can drag and drop the sub-title file in to the sub-title workshop window.Mostly the problem will be the time delay, so in this post I will show you how to fix this problem. After opening your sub-title file, select the sub-titles to which you want to add delay, you can use shift and control key to select sub-titles. After selecting the sub-titles go to EditTimingsSet Delay.READ3 Great Useful Blogging Tips for BeginnersIf your sub-titles are showing up late, then you have to set the sign as and then set how much time you want to delay it. Then choose whether you want that change to affect all sub-titles or only the selected ones, and then click ok.If your sub-titles are showing up before you hear the audio, then just have the sign as + and set delay time click ok.Now go to FileSave As, now you will asked to choose your format, I use SUBRIP. You can find it at the end of the list, just double click over it SubRip Icon, and save your edited sub-title file. Now you can open the sub-title in your video player and test whether things are good, if not you can edit it again.I think this I will solve the most common sub-title sync problem. If you are having other problems, then dont forget to play with other options in Sub-title workshop. It is an awesome tool that will help you edit, and also to create sub-titles. Hope it was Helpful ??This guest article is written by Praveen. He blogs at Geeks4share.com. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

Do You Know a Psychopath

Soma in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1000 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Brave New World Essay Did you like this example? Aldous Huxley, the author of Brave New World, has shown how soma has been the perfect drug for the people of the Whole World State. In the novel, soma is a government-produced drug that is given to the people living in the society of Brave New World. The drug soma is consumed by mostly all the citizens living in the society of the whole world and is a part of the citizens life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Soma in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World" essay for you Create order The purpose of the drug soma is to help the people avoid their pain, distress, depression or hatred. Soma was able to improve joy, arousal, and an overall insight of well being. The drug soma has taken over a majority of the societies population. Huxley explains the use of soma due to the action of each character to escape their reality, refuse to accept social norms and integration into society. With this intention, soma is used in the novel due to the action of each character to escape their reality. Soma is a drug that is consumed and is giving by the government to the citizens to make the people of the World State feel joy. If theyre happy and dont worry about their problems then the drug is in full effect. The drug is distributed to everyone in the society to consume, it can be considered a law to take the drug. The government wants the people in the World State to take the drug because if the citizens are always happy when the government will have no problem. The drug would be taken whenever the citizens are feeling upset or not having satisfaction, it would change their mindset and make them forget about their problems. The author says, Punctured, utterly deflated, he dropped into a chair and, covering his face with his hands, began to weep. A few minutes later, however, he thought better of it and took four tablets of soma. (12.161). Once they feel unpleasant they ll take the pill to be able to forget about the sadness they are feeling. That drug is the only thing they feel that it is important in society besides the sex they have. Then soma is consumed by the people since they are unable to agree on their social norms. Likewise, the drug soma is consumed by the people because they cant accept the social norms. Being in a society where the people live the same life every day is tough for some to take in. Repeating your daily life gets dull for some, but for the majority of the citizens in the World State find it simple. They get tired of it because it is to easy or they get tired of doing the same thing. They result in using soma so they can be high off the drug and dont remember what they have to do in their life. Unlike the rest, Bernard Marx wasnt too happy with taking the drug soma, he often rejected the drug because he didnt want to give in or felt like he didnt really need it. According to the author, Again twelve stanzas. By this time the soma had begun to work. Eyes shone, cheeks were flushed, the inner light of universal benevolence broke out on every face in happy, friendly smiles. Even Bernard felt himself a little melted (5.2.17). Bernard was prone to the drug soma and felt as if though as the drug had no to little effect on his cognitive and behavioral functions. However, the presence of peer pressure and integration are huge factors to the questions Huxley proposes about the drug. Meanwhile, the drug is a by-product for the governments use, and its effects on the citizens of the World State. However, the integration to the World States society can only be obtained by following the mass popularity of what is deemed to be considered right. The drug was a strong substance to consume because the substance was strong was able to control the brain. The drug was successful in giving the people the ability to not remember the problems they have faced. The drug was a gateway for the people of the World State to have no idea of what occurred while in the trance of the drug, but it was a way for the people to come together as one. The Perfect Drug was mostly everyones way of realizing their stress and problems which is why it is considered a gateway drug. According to the author, Lenina and Henry were yet dancing in another world the warm, the richly colored, the infinitely friendly world of soma-holiday. How kind, how good-looking, how delightfully amusing every one was ! (5.79). As shown above, the drug has a strong influence on the people of the World State because they get corrupted by soma. The drug had the people lose their way of thinking, they had lost their minds and let the drug take full control of what they do. Under those circumstances, soma is the citizens of the World State way to have fun. All things considered, the novel Brave New World, written by Aldous Huxley raises questions about drug use in society in the fictional narrative of how society may come to be in the future. The World State is consumed and corrupted by the drug soma, it is used by mostly all the citizens there and it is deemed that they will keep using soma. Huxley believes that there will be a drug like soma that will eventually take over all types of human emotions away from the user. The purpose of the drug soma is to help the people avoid their pain, distress, depression or hatred. Soma was able to improve joy, arousal, and an overall insight of well being. Huxley explains the use of soma due to the escape from reality into a trance-like state, the resistance obeys what is the norm of their society, and how giving into a group like a mindset or a peer pressure can take its toll on an individual.

Ancient Egyptian Costumes Tradition And Innovation Essay

Kushite Kings in Egyptian Costumes: Tradition and Innovation Tamer Fahim Lecturer of Ancient Egyptian Archaeology Faculty of tourism and Hotels- Fayoum University Tme00@fayoum.edu.eg Abstract The costumes of Kushite kings were characterized with mingled and overlapped style, which appeared in various types of crowns, ornaments, clothing, and Kushite s costumes were distinguished with ethnic features, belong to Nubia beside the traditional Egyptian costumes. Due to the longtime of interaction between Egypt and Kush, we can notice that the Kushite royal costumes reveal the Egyptian influences. In this paper I answer an important question about interconnections between the Egyptian and Kushite costumes during the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. Did the Kushites have adopted all the costumes and designs of Egyptians without adding their own Nubian identity? Or they may have adopted a new style that combines two identities the Egyptian-Kushite in same time, attempting to appease the Egyptians, as well as the Kushites, the article conclude that, Kushites did not imitate Egyptian art directly or excessive, but they were able to collect between Egyptian culture and Kushite identity. Key words: Costumes- Egyptian- interconnections- Kushite- Twenty Fifth Dynasty. Introduction Many scholars who interested in the relation of Egypt and Nubia, they focus on their study about the interchange influences between them, and the direct impact of the culture of Egypt and Nubia, may appear obvious inShow MoreRelatedHistory of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay5401 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Lesson 1: Origins of Theatre Learning objectives: List the performance elements and understand their role in both ritual and theatre: time, place, participants (players, audience), scenario (agenda/goal/text/rules), clothing (uniform, costume, mask, makeup), sound (speech, music), movement (gesture, pantomime, dance), and function or purpose. Can be clock or fictional time, places vary (designed to meet needs), rituals might take place in one space or they might involve a procession with portionsRead MoreCultural Diversity At The Heart Of The Society5484 Words   |  22 Pagesvariety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. As matter of fact, tThe construct, Cultural Diversity means a range of different societies or peoples with different origins, religions background, and traditions all living and interacting together harmoniously. Most developed countries of the world (like the U.S., Britain, etc.) have benefited immensely from diversity throughout its their long history histories of exploration, capitalism, democracy, imperialismRead MoreMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pagesupon a Malay society with a long history of more balanced roles, makes the Philippines a revealing instance of this global process. Within twenty years, the span of a single generation, mobilization and its propaganda, convinced a people without a tradition of military service to accept conscription and internalize a new standard 1 of manhood. When tested in battle during World War 1, the generation of Filipino officers formed in this mobilization proved willing to fight and die with exceptional courageRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages166 3 SOLVING PROBLEMS ANALYTICALLY AND CREATIVELY 167 SKILL ASSESSMENT 168 Diagnostic Surveys for Creative Problem Solving 168 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 168 How Creative Are You ? 169 Innovative Attitude Scale 171 Creative Style Assessment 172 SKILL LEARNING 174 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 174 Steps in Analytical Problem Solving 174 Defining the Problem 174 Generating Alternatives 176 Evaluating Alternatives 176 Implementing the Solution 177 Limitations of

Personal Information free essay sample

And trade. Although some of these changes made by foreign influence werent all that good, the Hawaiians learned more about foreigners and their way of life. Foreign influence had a negative impact on Hawaii which led to venereal diseases that killed hundreds of thousands of Hawaiians, debt, prostitution, alcoholism, the destruction of their homeland and poverty. Personal Information @ Web!! By tanzirahmed Personal information is vital and important resources for each person in the world. Our personal identification or information as important as an account information for a company exists. How personal information gets affected on web? Well, In this decade we are totally depend on the Internet and we can not live a single day without Internet. So somehow we have to share our personal identification in online to satisfy our daily needs and requirements without even concerning what will going be happen next if my personal information goes in wrong hands. On the other hand, some group of people or some personals are always hunting for people personal identification for making money or to misuse those information. For instance, if we have our credit card information online and somehow it goes to wrong hands we can lost our all money Just in a moment. Additionally, some website making money using our personal information like people search, photo search etc as they can access our information from our social network website account such as Face book. Additionally, Ad ware, spy ware or spam mail could stole our information if we are unattended. To prevent misuse of personal information or identification I would recommended to follow the below information which will minimise your information being damaged. We should read terms and condition regardless of creating account in any websites as they motioned some significant information which could lead to damage your personal identification. For instance, Face book terms and conditions says once you create account with us, your all information will be legal to use for face book regardless you delete or update your information it will be remain their p roperty. We should not open any spam mail unless you know the person. This is one of the biggest scam right now on Internet where as they are saying to give you millions dollars in a week. So we should not disclose our personal information to them. We should not open any flashy ad ware which could redirect you to another website or could install some software automatically to stole your information from your ersonal computer. We should use some anti spy ware software and Internet security software to prevent from spy ware and ad ware and general virus. We should remove our cache, cookies and history from our browser as some websites could access our information from browser. Moreover, we always need to upgrade the browser for safety purpose. How Did Foreigners Influence Hawaii? By Shareelovee Sharee Paat Period- 3 12-10-09 How Did Foreigners Influence Hawaiians? In January of 1778, Captain Cook discovered the Hawaiian Islands. Many foreigners from around the world began to arrive, introducing many new things to the Hawaiians. Foreign influence brought trade to Hawaii, which gave Hawaiians metal and guns. Even though foreign influence had some positive effects on Hawaii, I believe that foreign influence had a negative impact on Hawaii because trade brought not only guns and metal, but it also led to famine, disease, debt, and the deaths and lessening of the Hawaiian population. In 1778, Captain Cook and his men stopped in Hawaii during the Hawaiians season of Harvest. The Hawaiians believed that Cook was the God Lono. Captain Cook took advantage of this and began to trade with the Hawaiians. The Hawaiians wanted metal because it had some value as gold. Captain Cook traded iron nails with the Hawaiians, in exchange; the Hawaiians gave him 60 pigs per nail. The Hawaiian women slept with Cooks men in exchange for nails, which led to the spread of diseases to the Hawaiians. Captain Cooks arrival had a negative influence on the Hawaiians because he took advantage of the Hawaiians resources by trading excessively and he allowed his men to spread venereal diseases to the Hawaiian women, spreading to many Hawaiians. Soon after Cooks visit to Hawaii, many foreigners from around the world arrived to trade with Hawaiians. Many foreigners wanted to trade with the Hawaiians for their Sandalwood. Hawaiian chiefs commanded the commoners of Hawaii to cut down sandalwood trees after seeing all the good things they could trade it for, like billiard tables and guns. All the Hawaiians labor was used to cut down sandalwood trees rather than growing and harvesting food for their families. This led to starvation and famine, killing many Hawaiians. The cutting of the sandalwood trees soon ended after the Hawaiians ran out of resources. Because there were no more sandalwood trees, the chiefs were unable to pay off their debts to foreign traders. Trade with foreigners had a negative effect on Hawaii because it led to famine, death, debt, and he destruction of their land. Trade caused more problems to the Hawaiians than Just famine and debt. Trade introduced alcohol to the Hawaiians, which they used to face with their problems caused by debt and death. Because the Hawaiians had nothing to eat, they turned to prostitution to help them get food and other necessities. The Hawaiian women sold their bodies and the men became sailors to attract people who would pay to sleep with the women. Prostitution increased the spread of diseases, killing more Hawaiians. Foreign influence caused diseases, debt, and deaths. Therefore, foreign influence had a negative impact on Hawaii.

Academic Honesty in Principle and in Practice free essay sample

If am going to SE another persons work or words I must respect that person by giving them credit for their work. Morals are a very important factor in the learning process. Should show more consideration by being completely honest about my works. All I need to do is to read remember and universities guidelines on Academic honesty, and Student Code of Conduct. I will remember in all that do maintaining academy honesty will be a golden rule for my own personal benefit. The Importance Of Maintaining Academic Honesty Beginning with my admittance to the University of Phoenix, which I am excited and proud to be a member of, I was made aware of the Universitys leslies against plagiarism and all other forms of academic dishonesty. I have carefully reviewed many sources including documentation from the university of Phoenix and articles from our online library, as well as done independent study online and in my local library to confirm I fully understand what it means, theoretically, and practically, to maintain my integrity and prepare all of my work to meet the highest academic standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Academic Honesty: in Principle and in Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Agonize that attending the University of Phoenix is a unique opportunity, which lets me practice these skills while drawing from my own prior professional experience, so that I am in an opportune position to excel. I also realize that in order to take advantage of this opportunity I must demonstrate respect for the institution, my professors, and fellow students, by submitting only original or properly cited and referenced work (Levy, Rakish, 2006). Have found many clear definitions of plagiarism, which is a primary concern to guard against when submit any assignment. Understand that plagiarism may be intentional, in the case of an attempt to pass off anothers work as my own, through deception, or unintentional, in the case of using work where I m unsure how to properly attribute the work, or unaware that my us benison is overly similar to another authors prior contributions (Smith, Nolan, Dad, 1998). However, regardless of the specifics, know that plagiarism to any extent, from one word, to an entire essay, is absolutely unacceptable and can not be excused by any type of rationalization (Mathews, 1933). Popularizing only hinders the free expression of ideas which higher education aims to encourage, and is disrespectful to the entire academic community, as well as to myself. In addition to plagiarism, the most blatant example of academic misconduct, I have also undertaken an examination of other forms of academic dishonesty and shortcomings, which I am committed to avoiding during my ongoing studies at the University. In particular, I am aware of the need to properly format and reference each source I rely on in the course of completing assignments, whether rely heavily or only briefly on said works.I realize the importance of researching each source to provide the proper information as a reference, as well as formatting quotes correctly, and citing work within the text to corroborate my findings and provide an easier preference for the reader. These formatting techniques are critical to properly crediting sources, and are in addition to the use of quotation marks or other identifier s of unoriginal material. There are serious consequences when these guidelines are not followed. When we do not maintain academic honesty it demonstrates we are not deserving trust or being able to be trusted, reliable, truthful, or honest. Academic honesty is an achievement of strong values with the ability to set goals for yourself and the knowledge that you made a fair and honest attempt to achieve those goals. Students are expected to be honest and ethical in their academic work and have a working understanding of what constitutes academic dishonesty. It is important that we familiarize ourselves with the various forms academic honesty comes in so that we will be able to build and maintain our integrity as students (Shorebird, 1997). Academic dishonesty is not worth being dismissed from college.I have come too far and too close to mess this up now, and risk not being able to attend college here or nap. Where else. In fact, know that succeeding in life is very important and the skills and knowledge that I am gaining from the University of Phoenix instructors and staff to succeed after college revolve around letting my mind work independently: by being dishonest I forfeit all of these skills. In contrast, also know that by maintaining academic honesty I will have to keep thinking at all times about what I am presenting to my instructors which will only benefit me in the long run. Also realize how important and meaningful it is to me to feel that I am trusted and trustworthy. One of the universitys goals is for its students to strive in the pursuit of excellence. Honesty is part Of the path which elevates us to learning, and leads us to higher and higher achievements. Goals achieved through cheating to get there are not an achievement since no hard work or effort is put forth to reach the goal, and so it is undeserved. The cost of this dishonesty is diminished future opportunities- a high price to pay for laziness.Another important realization have had about maintaining academic honesty is that it is mostly about being honest with myself and the things you love and respect. So, beginning with myself will hold fast to the standards of academic honesty and integrity. Fully understand that failure to comply with this oath will result in academic and disciplinary action, up to an including Ewing discharged from the college. My plan is to first understand what would be acceptable in order for me to maintain the standards of academic honesty.This leaves me room to complete a self-test of what actually know about The Importance of Academic Honesty practices and procedures. This material provides me a set of rules and regulations, the consequences of breaching these rules, and knowledge on how cheating interferes with my education. It is clear that it is my responsibility to protect my work, and the works of others, to make sure they will not be used or turned in by anyone else. Maintaining academic onsets is a way to help you learn to respect other people works, and to give their recognition for creating these works in the first place. After all, the reason a person goes to college is to become skilled, and gain knowledge. When we seek out other sources online in lieu of developing our own skills, we not only damage our credibility, but our entire education. Clearly, we will become more educated if we do not run the risk of getting disqualified for not making our own inquiries, by working diligently to integrate our learning and create completely original work. I know that in order for me to become a successful college student will eve to change my study habits. One way to help myself is to know my learning method and my personality.Also, there is what they call personal assessment which is composed of many ethnic, as well as socioeconomic and gender groups that will help me to understand myself. Am going to look up information that is helpful on the USSR feel this process will be very beneficial to me. I have wanted to attend college and get my bachelors all my life and I have persevered through many obstacles to get here. I did believe in myself until this happened to me. I really did feel good about what was doing, but I old never have knowingly taken a chance on getting banned and not ever being able to attend college again.

Cómo recuperar impuestos pagados en EE.UU. por turistas

Cà ³mo recuperar impuestos pagados en EE.UU. por turistas En Estados Unidos, los turistas internacionales pueden recuperar los impuestos que pagaron por sus compras pequeà ±as en solo dos –Louisiana y Texas. Adems, cinco estados – Delaware, Alaska, Nuevo Hampshire, Montana y Oregà ³n  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ no cobran impuesto a las ventas, por lo que deben tenerse en consideracià ³n a la hora de decidir en quà © estado comprar si se quiere ahorrar en impuestos. Cabe destacar que como en EE.UU. los impuestos sobre las ventas no es una competencia del gobierno federal no es posible para un turista internacional reclamar lo pagado en este concepto cuando sale del paà ­s, sino que se ha de ajustar a las reglas de cada estado. Es decir, hay una gran diferencia en este aspecto en relacià ³n a otros paà ­ses, por ejemplo, a la recuperacià ³n del VAT cuando un turista no comunitario sale de un paà ­s de la Unià ³n Europea. Puntos Clave: cà ³mo pueden los turistas reclamar un tax refund en EE.UU. Estados Unidos es, despuà ©s de Francia y Espaà ±a, el paà ­s que ms turistas internacionales recibe anualmente.Estados Unidos es el paà ­s donde los turistas internacionales ms dinero gastan.El impuesto a las ventas no es competencia federal, por lo que o es posible reclamarlo al salir del paà ­s.Solamente dos estados –Louisiana y Texas– reintegran el impuesto a las ventas a los turistas internacionales.En algunos estados es posible recuperar el impuesto a las ventas en compras mayores como, por ejemplo, yates, autos o camiones.En 16 estados existen vacaciones de impuesto a las ventas por 3, 5 à ³ 7 dà ­as. Texas Tax Back o cà ³mo reclamar en ese estado el reembolso del impuesto a las ventas En Texas el impuesto a las ventas es, con carcter general, del 6,25 por ciento. Sin embargo, ciudades y condados pueden incrementarlo de tal modo que puede llegar a pagarse un mximo del 8,25 por ciento de impuesto. Texas es junto a Louisiana los à ºnicos estados que permiten reclamar la devolucià ³n del pago de impuesto por compras menores como electrà ³nica, ropa, juguetes, etc. Para que un turista extranjero pueda presentar la solicitud de un tax refund por sus compras en el estado de Texas debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos: Pasaporte de otro paà ­sVisa vlida o pertenecer a  Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas (VWP)Un I-94 vlido, que se puede imprimir onlinePresentarse en un Tax Refund CenterPresentar los recibos de las compras realizadas en los à ºltimos 30 dà ­asBoleto de avià ³n de salida de Estados Unidos o itinerarioLa tarjeta de crà ©dito con la que se efectuaron las comprasLa mercancà ­a de las  compras realizadas Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que solamente se admiten los recibos de tiendas que participan en el programa. Por ejemplo, Macy ´s, Saks, Neiman Marcus, Victoria ´s Secret, etc. Antes de comprar se puede consultar la lista completa de establecimientos partà ­cipes. Asimismo, para que los recibos puedan calificar para la devolucià ³n de impuestos es necesario pagar en cada tienda un mà ­nimo de 10 dà ³lares de impuestos.   El dinero ser reembolsado de una de las dos siguientes maneras: en primer lugar, se puede escoger un tax refund al momento, pero se paga una comisià ³n que puede llegar a ser la mitad del importe. En segundo lugar, en un plazo de seis u ocho semanas, mediante depà ³sito a la cuenta de Paypal del turista o mediante envà ­o de un cheque o reembolso a la tarjeta de crà ©dito. Los Tax Refund Centers pueden encontrarse en centros comerciales, outlets, aeropuertos e incluso grandes almacenes como Macy ´s. La gestià ³n llevar aproximadamente unos treinta  minutos. Finalmente, cabe destacar que el Texas Tax Back, que es la institucià ³n del gobierno estatal que maneja estos trmites, cobra 3 dà ³lares por la gestià ³n ms el 2,75% del total de las compras. Devolucià ³n de impuestos a turistas internacionales en Louisiana En este estado sureà ±o el impuesto a las ventas general es del 4,45 por ciento sobre el valor de la cosa o servicio comprado. Sin embargo, con el sobrecargo de ciudades o condados pueden llegar a un mximo del 11,45 por ciento. Las reglas para los turistas internacionales para obtener el reintegro de los impuestos son distintas a las de Texas . En Louisiana los requisitos son los siguientes: Compra en tiendas en programa Louisiana Tax Free Shopping.Mostrar pasaporte extranjero en momento de la compraSolicitar el folleto tax refund voucher Para obtener el reembolso los turistas deben presentarse en un Refund Center en el Aeropuerto internacional Louis Armstrong  de Nueva Orleans, el The Riverwalk Marketplace, en el banco Capital One en Lafayette y Shreveport. Al acudir en persona a los Refund Centers los vouchers entregados en cada una de las tiendas participantes en las que se hicieron compras, el pasaporte extranjero con visa vigente a menos que se pertenezca a un paà ­s en el VWP. En todo caso es imprescindible estar legalmente como turista en el paà ­s. Finalmente, debe mostrarse el ticket de avià ³n ida y vuelta para estancia en EE.UU. por un mximo de 90 dà ­as. Los reintegros de menos de 500 dà ³lares se entregarn al momento en efectivo. Por cantidades mayores se enviarn por cheque al domicilio del turista en su paà ­s de residencia. Finalmente, tambià ©n es posible solicitarlo por correo electrà ³nico escribiendo a LTFSrefunfinfobellsouth.net y seguir las instrucciones sobre adà ³nde enviar los recibos. Estados con vacaciones del impuesto a las ventas Ni en todo los estados se paga el mismo porcentaje de impuesto a las ventas, ni los mismos artà ­culos son gravados en todos los estados que tienen este tipo de impuestos. Adems, 16 estados tienen todos los aà ±os vacaciones del impuesto a las ventas, conocido en inglà ©s como sales tax holidays. Durante esas vacaciones, entre 3 o 7 dà ­as, no se pagan impuestos cada vez que se compra un artà ­culo incluido en la lista de cada estado y por el importe mximo autorizado. Est pensado para los residentes locales, pero tambià ©n pueden beneficiarse los turistas internacionales. Entre los artà ­culos incluidos en esas vacaciones destacan ropa, material escolar, electrà ³nica, computadores, electrodomà ©sticos eficientes y materiales de preparacià ³n para eventos como huracanes. Tax refunds para turistas internacionales cuando se compran autos, yates, etc Las reglas dependen de cada estado e, incluso, de detalles precisos del negocio. Por esta razà ³n se recomienda consultar directamente con la autoridad impositiva del estado en el que se realice la compra. Es tambià ©n una buena prctica asesorarse con un fiscalista de buena reputacià ³n con experiencia en exportaciones. Por à ºltimo, siempre es conveniente hacer las cuentas sobre si sale realmente ms barato al comprar en EE.UU. porque en artà ­culos como autos o yates si no se paga en ese paà ­s, se paga impuesto de importacià ³n en el paà ­s del turista. Consejos para turistas que disfrutan comprar en EE.UU. Si se viaja a Nueva York una de las formas de comprar barato ropa y accesorios de marca es enterndose de dà ³nde se realizan los sample sales. Y si el interà ©s de un turista internacional es comprar una propiedad como inversià ³n o para disfrutarla en cualquier parte de los Estados Unidos puede hacerlo pero es recomendable que conozco quà © comportamientos podrà ­an poner en peligro su visa de paseo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Challenges in the Global Business Environment Assignment - 2

Challenges in the Global Business Environment - Assignment Example In few countries, for example in United States the unethical practice is offering bribery to officials and this is considered as highly unacceptable (Bruner et al, 2003). This paper will focus on the challenges faced by the Coca-Cola Company and how the company has eliminated it by using the code of ethical conduct and appropriate strategies. The US beverage business is a multifaceted and global combination of various businesses which supply a large amount of energy drinks that is consumed by world population. It includes local, regional and international regulations for the production and sale of soft drinks and other energy drinks, including their quality and safety, advertising and marketing, and business lobbying activities. The US beverage business comprises of soft drinks, sport drinks, juice drinks and energy drinks. The target group is young adults, teenagers and people between the ages of 18-34 years. The company chosen is Coca-Cola which was formed by Dr. John Stith Pemberton and today it is considered as the number one beverage corporation in the entire world. It is the most renowned brand in the world with almost 500 brands and above than 1.6 billion (bn) products are sold to consumers each day in further than 190 countries. It offers variety of nonalcoholic beverages such as light and diet soft drinks, juice drinks, waters, coffees, teas, and sports and energy drinks. To maintain sustainable growth, it was the first company in the US to go global (Lussier, 2011). Other than diet coke and coca-cola, it also sells other commercial brands such as Minute Maid, Dasani water and PowerAde (Ferrell et al, 2009). The key issues which are critical for success of the Coca-Cola Company are: to capture the sustainable expansion with exact focus on rising global markets in country such as Russia, India, Brazil, and China; to execute innovation enabled approaches; and creating

Studying and analyzing how General Electric applied Quality Management Research Paper

Studying and analyzing how General Electric applied Quality Management (QM) - Research Paper Example Quality improvement embraces the notion that there should be a relentless, continual pursuit of excellence so as to eliminate sources of waste, inefficiencies, rework, or errors (Kuballa 2006, p.6). The core values of quality improvement encompass customer focus, systems review, data driven focus, involvement of all stakeholders, continual improvement, and process optimization (Cheng 2008, p.182). Quality management subscribes to principles such as customer focus, leadership, process approach, involvement of the people, continual improvement, fact based approach to decision making, and mutually beneficial stakeholder relationships (Hill and Jones 2010, p.5). The paper explores the influence of quality improvement and performance in organizations and to investigate the link between quality improvement practices and organizational performance. Quality Gurus Edwards Deming Deming is renowned for developing a system of statistical quality control. Deming asserted that most of the problem s that confront management are systematic. His philosophy centers on advocating that quality must be incorporated into the product at all stages so as to attain a high level of excellence. Deming argued that enhanced quality results to increased productivity, which in turn, enhances lasting competitive strength. Deming incorporated what he called as the â€Å"Deming Chain reaction† and outlined fourteen points of the system at diverse levels. As quality is enhanced, costs reduce, while productivity increases resulting to enhanced market share and long term corporate survival. Deming’s theories include theory of optimization, theory of variation, theory of knowledge, and theory of Psychology. Joseph Juran Juran defines quality as fitness for use encompassing aspects such as design, conformance, availability, safety, and field use. Juran incorporated managerial dimensions of planning, organizing, and controlling directed at attaining quality. Juran advocated ten steps di rected at quality improvement. Philip Crosby Crosby stresses motivation and planning as key components in improving the quality. However, he shied away from endorsing statistical process control and problem techniques that Deming and Juran advocated. Crosby proposed fourteen points critical to effective, quality practices that companies can adopt. Crosby asserted that quality is free since the minimal cost of prevention is comparatively lower compared to cost of detection, correction and failure. Armand Feigenbaum Armand Feigenbaum incorporated a Total Quality Control approach in which he defined as an effective system essential to integrating the quality development, maintenance, and improvement efforts of diverse groups in organizations geared towards enabling the production and service within economical levels. This facilitates customer satisfaction. Kaoru Ishikawa Japanese companies structured their own approach to TQM by Ishikawa, which was based on the literature of Deming and Juran. The new approach to quality was fashioned to suit their culture and operating environment together with

Comparison of Positivist and Phenomenological Methods

Comparison of Positivist and Phenomenological Methods Describe, compare, contrast, and critically evaluate the effectiveness of both positivist and phenomenological methodology adopted when studying society. Sociology is the study of human society, including both social action and organisation. Sociologists use scientific research methods and theories, and study social life in a wide variety of settings, this offers not only information but also a distinctive way of looking at the world and the position humans play in it. Whereas most people try to explain events by analyzing the motives of those involved, sociologists encourage a look beyond individual psychology to many recurring attitudes, actions and how these patterns vary across time, cultures and social groups. To look at the different ways people act and behave in society, it has to be seen from a sociological perspective. Within sociology there is no single method, but many. As stated by Haralambos and Holborn (1995) Science appeared to be capable of producing objective knowledge that could be used to solve human problems and increase human productive capacity in an unprecedented way. This assignment will look at the two main me thodologies, used by sociologists, past and present, and compare the effectiveness of the two. When the task of comparing and contrasting the two methodologies of positivism and phenomenology, adopted within the study of society, there are many things that leap to mind: Firstly, there is the factor of time or circa and secondly is the influence of certain acclaimed sociologists within the two different approaches. Methodology within sociology is the study of methods and deals with the philosophical assumptions underlying the research process, using scientific quantitative data collection under those philosophical assumptions. The broad methodology positions, positivism and phenomenology differ hugely. Positivism contains the underlying philosophical assumptions of research in the most pure and applied sciences, physics, chemistry and biology, based on ideas of the objective reality of the physical world, scientific method and empiricism. Just as positivism arose out of rejecting speculation an alternative view has arisen out of rejecting the view that scientific empiricism can be applied to the social world. There is no one philosophical basis, but phenomenology, which can be seen as the basis for what is the assumption that society can only really be understood through personal actions such as language, feelings and emotions. As stated by Kirby, Kidd, Koubel, Barter, Hope, Kirton, Madry, Manning and Triggs, (2000), that although not perfect the link between the methodologies is that the structuralist-minded sociologists tended to adopt a positivist approach and social action based sociologists tend to adopt a phenomenological approach. The positivist versus the phenomenological approach to the study of man and society is considered in terms of one of the major debates in social science research. Many of the founding fathers of sociology such as Marx (1818-1883), Comte (1798-1857) and Durkheim (1858-1917) believed that it would be possible to create a science of society based on the same principles and procedures as natural sciences. Positivist theorists believed that this approach would reveal that the evolution of society followed invariable laws and that it would show that the behaviour of man was governed by principles of cause and effect which are just as invariable as the subject of natural sciences. Kirby et al, (2000) states that positivists believe that only by adopting a position of total objectivity towards the subject matter or phenomena can unbiased knowledge or theories be produced. Comte believed in the hierarchy of science and that each study of science is dependent upon another. His theory ranged from the simplest to the more complex forms of science and that sciences above rely on sciences below stating that sociology was more abstract and difficult than other sciences. Originating from his hierarchy of science, as stated in Haralambos and Holborn, (2004), Comte widely believed that industrialization and the growth of scientific knowledge would lead to secularization, therefore devising his contribution to the study of social dynamics in that, the rule of societies passing through three stages defined by their social relationships. Theological law was a belief in superhuman or divine powers, Metaphysical, a belief in the powers of the individual human mind and the positive law was based on truth produced by collaborative, quantitative and scientific work. An appeal of the positivist approach is that scientific knowledge does not contradict or surprise the ex perience of the everyday world. It argues that factors, which are not directly observable, such as meanings feelings and purposes, are not particularly important and can be misleading, they therefore, form, reliable quantitative data. Phenomenological theorists such as Simmel (1858-1918) and Weber (1864-1920) propose that the consciousness is the proper area of study, for its study will reveal meaning. They seek to sense reality and describe in words rather than numbers, trying to produce convincing descriptions of what they experience rather than explanations and causes. Weber disagreed with Comtes theory, he believed there could be as many sciences as needed, Quantitative and empirical studies cannot tell people what to do, and it is important to go beyond simply recording events and to explain the reasons behind them. When referring to Webers idea of puritanism, a case study in the empirical construction of the protestant ethic, Weber, as cited by Ghosh (2003), clearly states that empirical sources are not tablets of stone, eternally available to the truth seeking historian; rather they have a history of their own. Weber believed that values play a crucial role before during and after research and that social a ction is governed by the dynamic of individual needs. Weber was committed to the study of causality, the probability that an event would be followed by another event not necessarily of a similar nature. In addition to this Weber also analysed the levels to which rationality was becoming institutionally embedded in modern industrialised societies. Marxs view of bureaucracy was according to Weber a form of organisation superior to all others, Weber wrote in one of his many books, that without this form of social technology the industrialised countries could not have reached the wealth and extravagance that they currently enjoy, (Weber, 1928) as cited in Haralambos and Holborn, (2004). He believed that this capacity for social order would lead to the evolution of the iron cage, and as a result, a society that was technically ordered, rigid and dehumanized. As stated by Giddens (1997) Weber sought to understand social change. He was influenced by Marx but was also strongly critical of s ome of Marxs major views, rejected the materialistic conception of history and saw class conflict as less significant than Marx. From a positivist stance, Marx believed that ideas were expressions of public interest and that they served as weapons in the struggle between classes and political parties. Class for Marx, is defined as a social relationship rather than a position or rank in society. Class struggle and owners of production determined economic order. In Marxs view, classes are defined and structured by work, labour, possessions, production, and the class structures of capitalism consisted of class struggle, political power and the development of a classless society. Marxs theory of society consisted of two categories of class and that economic order was determined by the two; Bourgeoisie, the capitalist class, the hierarchy, the wealthy, the employers and the Proletariat, who are the workers or the lower class. His view was that as the bourgeoisie employed the proletariat, who has to fulfill his basic needs, the capitalist class could not exist without them. As cited by Haralambos and Holborn (1995), Marxism has sometimes been regarded as a positivist approach since it can be argued that it sees human behaviour as a reaction to the stimulus of the economic infrastructure. Although Weber agreed with Marx in part, that as methods of the organisation increased efficiency and effectiveness of production, Marxs theory threatened to dehumanise society. Webers theories, stratification and views on economic behaviour were rooted from Marxs view on the economics of a society. Another positivist view came from Emile Durkheim, whose impression of society was of structures that function apart from human purpose and will. While he considered society to be composed of individuals, his theory was that it is not individuals behaviours, thoughts and actions that construct society, but that society has a structure and existence of its own. His thought was, that society was to have developed from traditional to modern society, through the expansion and development of the division of labour, of course, it is individuals who act, but they do not act on a purely individual basis, they have obligations and duties and are strongly influenced by structure, tradition and the roles of our forefathers. Durkheim considered himself with the issue of social order and how modern society holds together, given that society is composed of many individuals each acting in an individual and autonomous manner. Durkheims classic study of suicide, (1970, first published in 1897), as cit ed in Haralambos and Holborn, (2004) is often seen as a model of positivist research and it does indeed follow many of the methodological procedures of positivism. Although supporting the two different methodologies of sociology, Durkheim was heavily influenced by Weber, who defined sociology as the study of social action between individuals. In contrast to Durkheims impression of society and view that society has an existence of its own apart from the individuals in it and so proceeds a proper object of study. As argued by Haralambos and Holborn (1995) where Marx was pessimistic about the division of labour in society, Durkheim was cautiously optimistic. Marx saw the specialised divisions of labour trapping workers in their occupational role, Durkheim saw problems arising from specialisation in industrial society, but believed the promise of the division of labour far outweighed the problems. While Simmel is generally not regarded as being as influential in sociology as were Marx, Weber and Durkheim, Simmels theories, had some similarities to Durkheims theory of problems of individuality and society, Webers dynamic of individual interests and Marxs theory of class structure. Simmel considered society to be an association of free individuals and that society could not be studied in the same way as the physical world for example, sociology is more than the discovery of natural laws that govern human interaction. His theory was that society is made up of the interactions between and among individuals and that, sociologists should study the patterns and forms of these associations rather that look for social laws. By defining sociology in this way, Simmel avoids the conflict about the nature of science whether it should be concerned with timeless, universal laws, instead, there are always multiple ways in which we can look at things. He argued that society was made up of soc ial facts, and these social facts coerce and shape the actions of individuals. He argued that in traditional societies, solidarity binds together individuals in order to allow society to operate. Social facts only come into being in an interaction, and do not exist within an individual consciousness. Durkheim (1970) as cited in Haralambos and Holborn (2004), stated that the determining cause of a social fact should be sought among the social facts preceding it and not among the states of individual consciousness, the causes of variations in suicide rates were to be found in social facts and in society rather than the individual. Therefore, social groups represent. He argued that societies that functioned well were societies that held a consensus sway over individuals; society, therefore, was something outside and inside individuals. As stated by Haralambos and Holborn (1995) to phenomenology, it is impossible to measure objectively any aspect of human behaviour, through language humans distinguish between different types of events, actions, objects and people. The process of categorisation is subjective; it depends upon the opinions of the observer. Statistics are simply the product of the opinions of those who produce them. The distinction between positivist and phenomenological approaches is not as clear-cut as this assignment implies. There is a considerable debate over whether or not a particular theory should be labelled positivist or phenomenological. Often many of the theorists lie somewhere in between, some taking views from either side. Haralambos and Holborn (1995) argue that in terms of sociology, the positivist approach makes the following assumptions; the behaviour of humans, like the behaviour of matter, can be objectively measured, just as the behaviour of matter can be quantified by measures such as weight, temperature and pressure. Methods of objective measurement can be devised for human behaviour, such measurement is essential to explain behaviour. Early Positivists such as Comte, and Durkheim argued that objectivity was attainable by adopting a scientific methodology. Marx also believed that his sociology was objective and scientific, although he saw society very differently. Weber did not think complete value freedom was possible, but he did believe that once a topic for research had been chosen, the researcher could be objective. He argued that sociologists should not make value judgments, that is, they should not state what aspects of society they found desirable or undesirable. It is plainly nonsensical to throw into one big pot labelled sociology all those researches which could have been satisfactorily conducted by national economy, history of civilisation, philosophy, political science, statistics, demography and ethics. That gives us a new name, but no new knowledge. Simmel, G (1858), cited in American Journal of Sociology [online]) (1898) Reference List Ghosh, P, (2003), Max Webers Idea of Puritanism: A Case Study In The Empirical Construction Of The Protestant Ethic, History of European Ideas, [online], 29;2, 183-221, Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6V9C-48D2RD7-1_user=10_rdoc=1_fmt=_orig=search_sort=dview=c_acct=C000050221_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=10md5=10803212fe05d9a06d9a7ce5cfaec919 [Accessed November 21, 2008] Giddens, A, (1997) Sociology, 3rd Edition, Polity Press, Cambridge Haralambos, M, Holborn, M, (1995), Sociology, Themes and Perspectives, 4th Edition, Collins Educational, London Haralambos, M, Holborn, M, (2004), Sociology, Themes and Perspectives, 6th Edition, Collins Educational, London Kirby, M, Kidd, W, Koubel, F, Barter, J, Hope, T, Kirton, A, Madry, N, Manning, P, Triggs, K, (2000), Sociology in Perspective, Heinemann Educational, Oxford Simmel, G (1898) The Persistence of Social Groups, American Journal of Sociology, [online], 5; 3, 662-663. Available at: http://www.brocku.ca/MeadProject/Simmel/Simmel_1897a.html [Accessed November 11th 2008]

Maharaja Dalip Singh :: European Europe History

Maharaja Dalip Singh Maharaja DALIP SINGH, the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who was born in Lahore, on Feb. 1837, to mother Maharani Jind Kaur. His date of birth is disputed by some and alternately suggested as Sept. 4, 1838. Many foreign journalists have wrongly named him as Dhalip Singh and Duleep Singh. However, it should be noted that his correct name is Maharaja Dalip Singh. He assumed the Punjab throne as a child, after Maharaja Sher Singh, on Sept. 18, 1843. During his reign several wars were fought with the British. Unfortunately, he was surrounded by corrupt advisors as illustrated by the following quote. "Among the Sikh barons who stood around the throne of the young Maharaja Dalip Singh, there was not one, who honestly labored for his country, or who have made the smallest sacrifice to save her." - The Punjab Chiefs by L.H. Griffin The agreement of March 9, 1846, after the first Sikh war with the British, included the following conditions: 1) There shall be peace and friendship among Maharaja Dalip Singh and the British government. 2) Lahore darbar would have to relinquish control of the region between Satluj and Bias. 3) War compensation of one and a half crore rupees to be paid by Lahore darbar. Since this amount was beyond the capabilities of Lahore Darbar at that time, Kashmir region was offered for 75 lakhs. However, Maharaja Gulab Singh stepped forward and paid this amount to buy back this region from the British. 4) Maharaja Dalip Singh's forces were restricted to 50 platoons and 12,000 horse-back soldiers. 5) No foreigner from Britain, Europe, or America could be employed in Lahore Darbar without explicit permission of the British government. 6) British government shall refrain from interference in the internal affairs of the Lahore Darbar. However, towards the end of this year, another set of arrangements were made, under which a council was established to run the Punjab affairs. This council was headed by a British Resident. Further, British forces were brought in to maintain peace in the country. Lahore darbar was charged 22 lakh annually for the maintenance and upkeep of such forces. However, this arrangement did not last for too long. As in April of 1848, a war erupted among the Sikhs and British. At the end of this war, Sikh kingdom was annexed and Maharaja Dalip Singh was sent out of Punjab to FatehGadh (Uttar Pradesh, dist.

Discipline Versus Child Abuse

Discipline versus Child Abuse Tiara Loving February 2, 2011 Criminal Justice 100 Homework Assignment #1 Is there such a thing as too much discipline? How far can a person go with discipline before it turns into child abuse? How do a person know if they are performing child abuse? These are the three main questions that raise a debate when the subjects discipline and child abuse are put in one sentence. What some people might call discipline others may say is child abuse. Gaining the knowledge and education of what is right and what is wrong is the key to preventing discipline from becoming child abuse.As stated in the American Heritage College Dictionary, discipline is defined as â€Å"training expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior. † Child abuse is defined as â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation† on dictionary. com. Unfortunately, a parent or guardian training a child to prod uce a specific character or pattern behavior may lead to mistreating or neglecting a child unintentionally. It is legal to spank a child but it is also illegal to beat them.Spanking a child may be considered as light licks on the legs or bottom. Beating a child may consist of bruising or drawing blood. But what works for one child might not be any good for the other. One child can learn a lesson from a spanking but if a parent spank’s the other child, it might not have an effect on him at all. That is when alternatives come in. Either way a parent decides to punish that child, that parent’s point will be made or that child will have learned a lesson. There is nothing wrong with disciplining a child for doing something he was not supposed to have done.Punishing a child will serve as a warning to let that child know that if he ever did something bad again, there will be a consequence. There are many ways to discipline a child without performing child abuse. For example, if a child is at school and acts inappropriate towards his peers or the teacher, he can be giving a spanking, a timeout or some of his privileges can be taken away from him. That child might think the parent is being mean or obnoxious, but that entire time that parent is really showing how much they love and care for that child. As a kid, I would get into trouble a lot.Of course there would be a consequence, and a few words that came along with it. I will never forget the words my mother said to me as I received my spanking: â€Å"I am only doing this because I love you and I want you to do what is right no matter what the situation is. If I do not whip you, you will continue to do the same thing, so I have to teach you a lesson. † As I got older, I realized that she really cared. I felt that I did not want to embarrass her or myself any longer and that is when I decided that I was going to do what was expected of me.Parents have the right to lead their kids by example but th ey must do it the right way. On the other hand, damaging a child’s self-esteem, self confidence and making him feel unloved or wanted is considered to be child abuse. Why would a parent want to see their child suffer, especially without any cause? If a parent does not want another person or child harming their child intentionally, then why would that parent commit abuse? There are many examples of child abuse but I decided to press the issue on one example. A woman just found out that she has gotten pregnant.The pregnancy was unplanned and the baby’s father does not want to be a part of that new life, but she decides to keep the child. When the baby arrives, the woman is frustrated because she realizes she cannot take care of herself and the baby mentally, physically, emotionally or financially. The woman now decides to take her anger and frustrations out on the child and that is where the abuse comes in because she does not know what else to do. Sometimes not discipli ning a child can be considered child abuse as well.Everyone knows that a parent has to let a child be child. But when a parent lets the child get away with things a little too much, it is time to let that child know that enough is enough. Since that child feels that he has not been stopped before, he has the right to continue to do what he pleases. The parent needs to tell the child that they are the adult and he is the child will definitely set the boundaries. The parent is going to ruin that child if they let him into the world thinking that he can do what he please.That is the first step to abusing that child and others are going to do the same if do not step in to guide him. The parent has to learn to say ‘NO’ every once in a while so the child can get used to hearing that word. The parent has to know that they cannot be their child’s best friend and the child has to abide by their rules. If a parent does not start at home by forcing the rules upon the child, then they are giving the world permission to keep the abuse up. Again, the three main questions come to mind. Is there such a thing as too much discipline?How far can you go with discipline before it turns into child abuse? How do you know if you are performing child abuse? A parent might feel that no one can tell them how to raise their child. So they may feel the need to punish the child however they want. The parent says it is discipline. The outside world might say it is child abuse if they see a child is being mistreated in a way that they feel that is not right. A parent might have their own personal reasons to why they punish their child the way they do.Maybe it is discipline—then again it may be child abuse. There are people out in the world that feel that they can care for a child better than that child’s parent. Sometimes those people are eager to take that child that they feel are being abused away from that parent. I would tell those parents to choose a mo re logical way of what they do to their child and how they do it. However a parent decides to punish their child is on them. The parent just need be careful of how they do it because they might not have their child any longer–or even worse, thrown in jail!

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