Druids Essay -- essays research papers fc

THE DRUIDS     During the Anglo-Saxon period, magic was often practiced among several different classes of good deal in their own ways. It was considered sinful but its power was ceaselessly believed in. Their knowledge of magic was first sought out from the biblical story, The Three Wise Men. According to one legend, the men who visited baby Jesus were astrologers who located him by magic use of the stars. The Bible has many ferences to magic, sorcery, and witchcraft. Since religion was valued during the Anglo-Saxon period, the Bible held the laws to their lives. Church authorities tried to ban witchcraft but people in many parts of the world continued to practice witchcraft as a religion. From the Anglo-Saxon period, the most well known of these people were the Druids.      The Druids were the priests or ministers of religion among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. They combined the functions of the priest, the magi strate, the scholar, and the physician. Druidism is a reconstruction of the beliefs and practices of the ancient Celtic priesthood-professional class. They underwent lengthy training about twenty years. Druids led wholly public rituals, which were normally held within fenced groves of sacred trees. They didnt use any images to represent the object of worship. A circle of stones enclosing an atomic number 18a from twenty to thirty yards in diameter, constituted their sacred topographic point. The most sacred of this is the Stonehenge. When privacy was called for, these rituals took place in sacred grooves and clearings hidden deep in the forests. They believed in only one god, to whom they gave the holler "Beal". In modern english this translates to "the life of every thing," or "the source of all beings". It has a connection with the Phoenician Baal. The Druids identified this with the Sun. Fire was referenced as a symbol of the eternal life. In record, m ost of the leaders were males. It wasnt known whether female Druids were considered of equal part. Two festivals were of great importance to the Druids. The first festival took place in the beginning of May and was called Beltane or "Fire of God". A large fire was heated on an elevated spot, in honor of the sun, whose move beneficence they then welcomed after the winter time. The second festiva... ... Druidism itself was destroyed or continued deeply underground throughout most of the Celtic lands.      Though Druidism is non a common practiced religion today, it still does exist even here in the United States. The spirit of the Druids will never die collect to the ancient "Druid" altars, beds, rings, stones, stone circles, and temples they have left behind. Other present day religious leaders have followed and adopted the same beliefs as the Druids. Though we are not as familiar with these magicians, their legends and remnants still haunt the European lands.                    Works CitedBOOKDersin,Denise. What Life Was Like Among Druids And High Kings. Richmond, Virginia Time Life Inc., 1998.EncyclopediaWallis, Wilson D. "Druid." The cosmea Book Encyclopedia. 1970 Edition.INTERNET SOURCESCeltic Druidism. http//www.religioustolerance.org/druid.htmDruids. http//celt.net/Celtic/History/d_overview.htmlThe Druids. http//witchcraft.simplenet.com/druid.html

The Role of Intra-party Opposition in National Liberation Movements Ess

The Role of Intra-party Opposition in National Liberation Movements By and large, in the latter half of the twentieth light speed a regime diversity has meant the victory of a leftist national run movement over an oppressive power whether the new regime makes bully on its reconciled purpose of delivering justice to its people has not evidenced such a standard pattern, however. While liberation movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa were able successfully to convert their role as revolutionary freedom fighters into democratic participation in the state (Connell, 9), movements such as Castros Cuban Revolution, while accomplishing regime change, failed to deliver a successful state. This paper suggests that lessons can be derived from these cases that apply to the Palestinians national liberation movement, in that intra-movement conflict that often appears intractable may in fact be a specific prerequisite for a successful regime change into the h ands of the Palestinian Authority. Dangling today somewhere between the role of a state and a non-state actor, the Palestinian National Authority (PA) was chartered subsequently the Oslo Accords to fill the governmental role in the would-be state of Palestine. Headed by Yassir Arafat, the PA provides an internationally recognized manifestation of the Palestinian Liberation make-up (PLO), which became the voice of the Palestinian nationalism movement since Israels independence in 1948. The ongoing transition of the PLO from a national liberation movement (and a intelligibly non-state actor) to the ruling government party in a Palestinian state has proven difficult due not only to the controversial nature of the supply of a Palestinian state on ... ...nd National Liberation in Latin America three decadesof guerrillas and terrorists 1959-1990. Florida North-South Center, University of Miami 1991.Rubenberg, Cheryl. The Palestinian Liberation Organization Its institution al infrastructure. Belmont, MA Institute of Arab Studies, Inc., 1983.Rubin, Barry. The Transformation of Palestinian Politics From revolution to state-building. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1999. Segal, Jerome M. Creating the Palestinian State. Chicago, Il Lawrence Hill Books, 1989.Silverburg, Stanford. Palestine and Internatinoal Law Essays on politics and Economics.Jefferson, NC 2002.Staten, Clifford. The History of advanced Cuba. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 2003.Younis, Mona. Liberation and Democratization the South African and Palestinian nationalmovements. Minneapolis, MN University of Minnesota Press, 2000.

How to become a better leader Essay -- essays research papers

I believe good leadership have the desire and bullheadedness to become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. I think unrivaled of a leaders main goals should be to inspire their workers into higher levels of teamwork, which can be acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders should constantly be working and poring over to improve their leadership skills. Leadership is defined as a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Respected leaders concentrate on what they are (such as beliefs and character), what they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature), and what they do (such as implementing, motivating, and raise direction). I believe that I possess many strengths that make me a good leader. One of my strengths is that I constantly seek responsibility and take responsibility for my actions. I am always asking if there is anyway I could help out more in MMA and in my sorority. I want people to look up to me and respect me and I know that things do not always go as planned, and I never blame others for my mistakes. Also, I always try and analyze the situation I am in and make some way to correct the problem before moving on to the next challenge. I believe my best strength is that I make seasonably decisions. I never procrastinate and I always plan ahead and try and give myself ample time to get tasks completed and make a decision. In all my teams for class I try to set the example and act as a good role model. I believe that if one person slacks, everyone in the multitude will model to that person, and that is never the direction you want an effective group to go in. When working in a group, I also make sure t hat everyone is informed. I am usually the one sending out the emails to delegate tasks and making sure that everyone is up to speed. Lastly, I always ensure that these tasks are understood and accomplished. Being a good leader entails that you care about your group members and want everyone to be successful. One weakness that is guardianship me back from being a good leader is my tendency to be a followe... ...ot done and that everyone looked up to me and respected me because this meant they would also want to do an dainty job. If I was in the position again the one thing I would do differently is have more meetings. I think that when a group comes in concert you feed off of one another for ideas and this gets the brainstorming process going. Overall, I was happy with my leadership experience and thought that the team worked well together and that in the end I made them work, but they respected me, and I am happy to say we are still friends today.As I fall back on my leadership experiences I believe that I have always tried to take initiative and get things done. I believe that I am always understanding of what other people have going on in their lives and I talk to them like a person and am very considerate. I try my hardest to be proficient at what I do and help others if they are lost. Lastly, I make a point to provide direction to the group, plan ahead, set goals, try to identify problems and come up with solutions. I believe a leader should always encourage the team to debate team goals as effectively as possible, through building relationships and inspiring their team members.

Nike: A Strange and Terrbile Saga :: Company Business

Nike A Strange and Terrbile SagaImage is a vital to the success of the big international sports footwear and apparel corporation Nike. Endorsements by sports superstars like basketballer Michael Jordan, soccer maestro Eric Cantona and sprinting ace Cathy Freeman -- to name just a very fewer -- have made the companys swoosh logo synonymous with cool for millions of young people worldwide. That image would be badly tarnished if it became widely known that the Nike empire is build on cheap Third World labour (including child labour), denial of trade union rights and collaboration with repressive regimes, most notably the Suharto regime in Indonesia.Nike Australias public relations spokesperson, Megan Ryan, was coy about how much the company spends on marketing and sponsorship when Green Left Weekly spoke to her recently. She refused to disclose how much it pays extremum athletes to endorse its products. She said Nike sought to sponsor, and be endorsed by, the best athletes possible as a recognition of their achievements. The only image Nike sought from association with sports mega-heroes was to be prize as an authentic sports brand. Nike is not a fashion brand, she insisted. Perhaps Ryan hasnt stood on a city street corner, or in a suburban shopping centre, to see just how much Nike gear has become part of youth culture. This is in large part due to the street cred that comes from organism associated with the likes of the larger-than-life Michael Jordan and the outrageous dunk-punk Dennis Rodman, US NBA basketball -- according to one poll, the most popular sport among Australian young people -- and, indirectly, African-American fashion and music. Okay, Ryan in conclusion conceded, there is some flow-through effect. In fact, more than 60% of Nike sales are to non-athletes. To achieve this flow-through effect Nike pays Jordan, the jewel in its endorsement crown, an estimated US$20 million a year to have a sandshoe named after him. In 1992, the company forked out $250 million on its advertising and promotion figure alone. Nike advertisements appear in magazines not noted for their sports content, such as Rolling Stone and the Source, the premier US hip hop magazine. Nike billboards have featured the Swoosh symbol painted by street graffiti artists, and flying basketballers letting loose with technical sports terms like Im gonna dunk on your ass. And, of course, Nike has a home page on the World Wide Web where athletic Web surfers are urged to hear Spike Lee talk about the tune Jordan XI, call 1-800-645-6031 (perhaps Spike jogs?

Interest Groups :: essays research papers

Interest GroupsCongressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, Inc.The Congressional Hispanic Caucus was organized in 1976 by five (5) Hispanic Congressmen Herman Badillo (NY), Baltasar Corrada (PR), E. Kika de la Garza (TX), Henry B. Gonzalez (TX), and Edward Roybal (CA), to monitor legislative and other government activity that affects Hispanics.The Caucus was originally formed to serve as a legislative organization through which legislative action, as well as executive and judicial actions, could be monitored to ensure that the needs of Hispanics were being met. The founders goal was to pass away in conjunction with other groups, both inside and outside Congress, to strengthen the Federal commitment to Hispanic citizens and heighten the Hispanic communitys consciousness of the operation and function of the American political system.It was the intention of these five (5) congressmen to develop educational programs and other activities that would increase the opportunities for Hispanics to participate in and contribute to the American political system. To carry out such programs, the Members of Congress established a private, non-partisan, non-profit organization. In 1978, the members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHS) established a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization to serve as an educational institute whose programs would serve the national Hispanic community.The mission of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) is to develop the nest generation of Latino leaders. Their visual modality is an educated and civically active Latino community who participates at the local, state, and federal policy decision-making levels. CHCI seeks to accomplish its mission by offering educational and leadership development programs, services, and activities that get on the growth of participants as effective professionals and strong leaders. In the spirit of building coalitions, CHCI seeks to establish partnerships with other Latino and non-Latino organizations. Today the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, Inc. has essential into an organization whose programs are designed to increase the participation of young Hispanics in both public and private sectors and to foster a network of young Hispanic leaders in government-related areas through the CHCI Alumni Association.

Interest Groups :: essays research papers

Interest GroupsCongressional Hispanic Caucus Institute, Inc.The Congressional Hispanic Caucus was create in 1976 by five (5) Hispanic Congressmen Herman Badillo (NY), Baltasar Corrada (PR), E. Kika de la Garza (TX), Henry B. Gonzalez (TX), and Edward Roybal (CA), to monitor legislative and other government activity that affects Hispanics.The Caucus was originally formed to armed service as a legislative plaque through which legislative action, as well as executive and judicial actions, could be monitored to ensure that the needs of Hispanics were cosmos met. The founders goal was to work in conjunction with other groups, both inside and outside Congress, to strengthen the Federal commitment to Hispanic citizens and heighten the Hispanic societys awareness of the operation and function of the American political system.It was the intention of these five (5) congressmen to develop educational programs and other activities that would increase the opportunities for Hispanics to parti cipate in and total to the American political system. To carry out such programs, the Members of Congress established a private, non-partisan, non-profit organization. In 1978, the members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus (CHS) established a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization to serve as an educational institute whose programs would serve the national Hispanic community.The mission of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) is to develop the nest contemporaries of Latino leaders. Their vision is an educated and civically active Latino community who participates at the local, state, and federal policy decision-making levels. CHCI seeks to accomplish its mission by offering educational and lead development programs, services, and activities that promote the growth of participants as effective professionals and strong leaders. In the spirit of building coalitions, CHCI seeks to establish partnerships with other Latino and non-Latino organizations.Today the Congressiona l Hispanic Caucus Institute, Inc. has developed into an organization whose programs are designed to increase the participation of young Hispanics in both public and private sectors and to foster a net of young Hispanic leaders in government-related areas through the CHCI Alumni Association.

Congo River In Heart of Darkness Essay

The Meaning of the congo River for Marlow, the journey on the Congo River is one of the most serious and ominous journeys he give ever take. The fact that it takes him close to and not completely into the jungle is significant of Marlows psychological journey as well. He never re wholey goes on land but watches the shore from the outside. The only time he goes on shore he generates a wasteland. For Marlow the jungle of the Congo is representative of evil that man is capable of. In Heart of Darkness, it seems that the further Marlow travels into the jungle, the deeper he look fors into himself. All this time is spent on the Congo River as he looks from the outside. This is symbolic as he is looking at his soul from the outside but never really sees himself until he goes on land to get Kurtz. When he arrives on land is symbolic of when he looks the deepest into himself. He goes to find Kurtz on his deathbed and is given he choice to take everyplace for him as a beau ideal amon g an African tribe.Marlow is faced with the ultimate choice between good and evil. For a moment it is uncertain what choice Marlow will make. But, unlike Kurtz, Marlow picks the good over evil, as he rescues Kurtz back to the steamer. The fact that Marlow sailed along the Congo River, around the jungle, and not actually into the jungle is an important symbol also. Marlow never walks the path that Kurtz did to self-destruction. He went around the jungle to avoid getting captured by evil. Kurtz was a decent Englishman until he gave into the desires of his flavour of darkness. Kurtz spent all his time in the jungle and eventually forgot all of his self-control, manners, and upbringing. He truly looked in the deepest part of himself and found that his evil desires would reign. This is symbolic because he was deep inside the jungle. In this respect Conrad uses to men to show the proofreader both the good and bad of humankind.He shows the true evil and good that man is capable of If pro per restraints had been there would Kurtz have make things differently? The fact that no one was around to find Kurtz in check helped him succeed in becoming capable of the immense evil he became. Marlow had his shipmates there to keep him responsible. When he left the steamboat there wasnt anyone to restrain Marlow. He was face to face with himself and his human desires, but as he looked at Kurtz and what the evil had done to him he saw the consequences of choosing evil. If Marlow hadnt seen the consequences would he have acted differently? In the beginning of the novel, Marlow talks of things as if they are happening far away from him and not actually happening close by which represents that he is on the outside looking in.He also talks about a fog that settles over the river. This fog represents a distortion of what lies ahead. As he makes his decisions based on what he thinks is right but really he has no idea of what will happen to him or his crew. As the novel progresses the reader will start to understand all of these themes and symbols that the Congo River represents. It represents the shedding of layers of the soul and taking a look into the desires of the heart. By the end it seams as though the reader has taken a look into their own soul to find out what ultimately dominates them. Will they find themselves to be a Marlow a person who exercises their capacity for good, or will they find themselves to be a Kurtz a person capable of an immense heart of darkness?

Clausewitz in the 21st Century Essay

The operate on of Carl von Clausewitz continues to bring some heated debate in the 21st Century. composition many scholars see Clausewitzs On War as an indispensible array thought in the modern times, others view it as an obsolete or mor bothy repellent argument for unlimited, unrestrained and brutal warf be. 1 Notwith substructureing the opposition of present times, this renowned work is considered incomplete and its lack of prescriptive contents has subjected it to interpretations and discourses.Facing this encumbrance, the reflect of On War has to go beyond textual synopsis to an appreciation of the historical context which influenced the authors thinking and the evolution of the book oer time. Fortunately, with the enduring efforts of numerous historians, we now know that Clausewitzs experiences in the Napoleonic Wars and his study in the age of Frederick the Great (and beyond) allowed him to create a integrate, all encompassing theory of war. 2 To date, much literature has been written to attest to the relevancy of Clausewitzs theories in modern warfare and assert the timelessness of On War.This paper examines the insights authoriseed from the majuscule studies on Clausewitzs works and re-confirm the continued relevance of his theories by (1) identifying the character of 21st Century warfare, followed by (2) an interpretation of Clausewitzs theories and his implicit in(p) thinking, and finally (3) examining the relevance of the theories concerned and determine how they female genital organ be applied in the 21st Century. The 21st Century Warfare The character of warfare has evolved since the passing of Carl von Clausewitz 180 age ago. The likelihood of massive clashes between onventional tugs seems to be diminishing and the world has seen the dawn of non-state actors challenging established states with asymmetric warfare4 techniques.William Lind aptly chronicled the evolution of warfare in foursome generations, which began with the Peace o f Westphalia in 1648. He described present day warfare as fourth-generation warfare (4GW) that is characterized by a universal crisis of legitimacy of the state, where militaries had to fight against threats that are transnational in nature and are very difficult to deal with. 5 The capabilities of these threat entities stem from the effects of globalisation that have enabled further, faster, deeper and cheaper entails to reach just about the world. 6 In addition to the physical reach, nows information technology has also brought about heterogeneous modern communication avenues that allow collaboration and typeset access to information. Consequently, this also allowed rapid access to media pipelines enabling belligerents to exploit them to further their cause.These have bestowed transnational terrorist organisations such as Al-Qaeda, and the to a greater extent sophisticated Hezbollah7, with the abilities to acquire equipment, intimacy and instruments that rival those of the conventional state to wage wars. According to Lind, 4GW also brings together the relevance of mass firepower dominated by artillery in the second-generation warfare and channelize suppositions of troika-generation warfare, making it more complex than ever before.Therefore, we can conclude at this point that 21st Century strategists and war-fighters have to contend with both conventional threats from traditional states and unconventional threats from non-state actors, both whom are capable of waging wars. Intricacies of Clausewitzs Work To grasp how Clausewitzs theories can be applied in 4GW, it is necessary to decipher the underlying thinking of the authors work.Many of Clausewitzs theories articulated in On War are remarkably well integrated despite the concomitant that On War is an unfinished book. Without going into details, this can be illustrated using Clausewitzs famous paradoxical trinity. The constructs of the trinity comprises three interrelated components of war, name ly the commandant and his army, the populate and the government. 8 Clausewitz connected each of these human actors to three sets of get outs (1) The commander and his army are paired mainly with non-rational wildnesss of riction, chance and probability, (2) the people are paired mainly with irrational forces that refers to the emotions of primordial violence, hatred and enmity, and (3) the government, which is less of a concern in this paper, is paired mainly with the rational force of count and reasoning. 9As illustrated, Clausewitz has unified many ideas and concepts he developed over the period of study in his own youth and middle age. The following discussion provide examine the unique(predicate) ideas and theories concerned. The Irrational Elements Irrational forces is one of the three forces that were interpreted by Bassford to provide a symmetrical representation of dominant tendencies in Clausewitzs trinity. 10 While the three sets of forces were paired with each com ponent of the trinity, it must be stressed that Clausewitz actually used the word mehrzugewendet in his original German manuscript, which means mainly, in the associations. 11 Thus, it is decipherable that the author did non rule out that any one of the forces can be present in all components to some variable extent, and that this is the reason bed dialectical relationships between components.Indeed, looking at the real world, military men and politicians are also members of the people, given that they may belong to different parts of society. In that sense, irrational forces are linked to all human actors and therefore its dominant beliefs leave alone provide the fuel for political decisions12. This in turn may course the outcome of a military campaign, which is consequential based on Clausewitzs argument that war is an instrument of policy. In his book, Clausewitz contended that the population is an integral element among the factors at work in war13 and conceived the idea of multitudes War, defining it as a state-sponsored insurrection by armed civilians against an invader in support of follow out by army and the regular forces of allies. 14 This phenomenon was observed during the Napoleonic period where enormous armies that were raised using conscripts led to overwhelmed defending states to adopt another means of war by arming their people. 15 When a state has to wage a Peoples War, the significance of irrational forces heightens and the interplay amongst the three components of Clausewitzs trinity become more distinct. In the light of this discussion, it implies that the irrational elements in war can be referred to both the human actors of Clausewitzs trinity, predominantly the people, and also, what Clausewitz called it, the blind natural force of primordial violence, hatred and enmity. 16 Friction, Chance and UncertaintyThe concepts of chance, perplexity and friction can hardly be examined independent of each other. When Clausewitz himself intr oduced friction, he brought in chance as the key subject to friction in war This howling(a) friction cannotbe reduced to a few points, is everywhere in contact with chance, and brings about effects that cannot be measured, just because they are largely due to chance. 17 For Clausewitz, friction is neither extrinsic nor abnormal18 it is the reflection of the effects in the real world.Friction can be generation internally within the military machine19, as in physics, and externally by the collision of two opposing armies. 20 Thus with the concept of friction, Clausewitz conveyed that one can never fully anticipate how the battle will unfold, and it is solitary(prenominal) through a good military constitution and the strong will of the commander that friction in war can be counteracted. 21 Throughout On War, apart from Clausewitzs pervasive mention of chance, its definition can nowhere be appoint.Beyerchen aptly brought in the three forms of chance conceived by the late nineteenth- century mathematician, Henri Poincare, to explain Clausewitzs interpretation of chance. The first form is a statistical hit-or-miss phenomenon whereby Clausewitz referred to the authority of possibility in a commanders assessment. While some statistical analysis can be used, this form of chance requires the popular opinion of an experienced commander in war. The second form is the amplification of a microcause, where Poincare explained on a system point of view that certain deterministic system can cause disproportionately large effects at later time.Clausewitz work has embedded this idea in his very articulation on uncertainty and friction where the various contact of chance at the micro level, which may be concealed, can develop and produce effects at the macro level. The third form is the function of analytical blindness which is a result of simplifying the real world phenomena by people and making war seems like a one-dimensional concept instead of a complex and nonlinear st ate of affairs22.With all the complexities involved, Clausewitz stressed that the play of chance goes beyond the commanders simple calculation of probability to a need for an intuition that allows him to exploit chance to his advantage. Culmination of the Attack Clausewitz defined culminating point of the attack as the point where the attackers stay strength is just enough to maintain a defence and wait for peace. Moving beyond that point exposes the attacker to counterattack from the enemy with a force that is usually much stronger than that of the original attack. 23According to Clausewitz, losses will usually be greater than the gains in an attack. As the army advanced, its lines of communication will be stretched, forces will be pulled aside to control areas and other situations may be developed which will turn against the attacker. 24 As a result, the attacker has to stop at some point to rest and adopt a defensive posture for a period of time before proceeding. This is the po int where the commander has to decide and make his imagination, as Clausewitz concluded, what matters therefore is to detect the culminating point with discriminative judgement. 25 Center of GravityAntulio J. Echevarria II, a lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army, observed that center of gravity (CoG) appeared more than liter times in On War, and explained Clausewitzs conceptualization of the centre of gravity as being based on mechanical sciences, just as he had conceived his theory on friction. 26 Clausewitz described CoG as a focal point, the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends. 27 By this, which is very much misunderstood, he does not mean that the CoG is the source of power. In fact, it is the centralizing function that holds power system together, and in some cases give them purpose and direction.Clausewitz qualified that CoG is valid only when the enemy, whether a single state or an alliance of states, have a certain unity and therefore some cohesion. 29 When the enemys CoG is identified, Clausewitz advocates that all energies should be directed at this point to defeat the enemy. 30 Relevance of Clausewitzs Theories in the 21st Century Thus far, the paper has briefly built a foundational understanding on present day warfare and some of Clausewitzs brilliant ideas. Already it is quite obvious that many of Clausewitzs thoughts still stand in present day context and are potentially applicable in 4GW.This proposition is contrary to what many critics have suggested On War as bloodthirsty, misguided and obsolete. 31 These comments can easily be dispelled because they are often made on the superficial understanding that went little beyond the textual analysis of the book, and often built upon erroneous readings from others. Nevertheless, the fact remains that On War was written almost two centuries ago where the political, social, economic and technological evolutions of today could not be foreseen by Clausewitz.Therefore, in order to render Clausewitz his deserved place in the todays modern age of technology, the following discussion on his ideas and concepts will not be critical towards the material changes in the 21st Century. Significance of Irrational Elements in 4GW It is axiomatic that conflicts nation-states engage in today relate near the effects from irrational elements. Following the September 11 attacks, the world saw invasions into Afghanistan in 2001 followed by Iraq in 2003 by coalition forces.In the case of procedure Enduring independence (the war in Afghanistan), the cause of war stemmed from worldwide universe uproar and support to root-out terror. Given the mandate by the people, the governments gain legitimacy and political will to commit their armed forces to the enduring global war on terror (GWOT). On the other hand, Operation Iraqi Freedom presented a case of unconvincing invasion of Iraq. As seen from how the operation unfolded, the war lost its popularity amongst the populace due to controversies that were presented as a result of the prolonged and on the face of it unending war.Pressures began to be exerted by the public on their governments to draw down their armed forces involvement. After three years of coalition occupation in Iraq, it was found that majority of the British and Canadian people believed that the war in Iraq was unjustified. 32 A poll conducted on by the BBC World Service in January 2007 had also shown that 73% of the world population was against the handling of the Iraq War by the U. S. 33 It is thus arguable that the large-scale withdrawal of coalition forces which followed in 2009 was largely a result of public disapproval.Therein, it aptly demonstrated the significance of irrational elements, even in the context of the GWOT. Another noteworthy case in the GWOT will be the utility of force by terrorists. Their strategy resembles the Peoples War which Clausewitz described. Despite being technologically and numerically inferior, Taliban op eratives in Afghanistan are able to capitalize on the people, the natives of the land, to crochet like-mindedness through provocation and propaganda of the deed. 34 Until the NATO coalition is able to sever linkages between the terrorists and the natives, a repeat of the U. S. efeat in Vietnam War remains in prospect.This is an arduous task alone nevertheless is in progress. It is thus clear that irrational elements of both sides (own and the native population) have to be part of the strategic and operational considerations in the 4GW. Without due considerations to relieve and buy-over the irrational elements will result in an unbalance trinity and ultimate defeat. Influence of the CoG in 4GW The wide recognition and various adaptations by various militaries of the CoG concept allow this paper to further examine on how this concept influenced the conduct of modern wars.If the current war in Afghanistan is a Peoples War, like the paper has suggested, the native population becomes a logical focus. Indeed, the new strategy adopted by NATO since 2010 has placed the Afghan people as the CoG in this conflict. 35 Two of the main thrusts announced by NATOs Supreme Allied Commander, Admiral James Stavridis include the protection of the Afghan people and to conduct effective strategic communication to win their hearts and minds. 36 Correspondingly, the U. S. s Af-Pak strategy that is in effect since early 2009 also focuses on the protection of Afghan people as a top agenda.Over the past one year, U. S. counterinsurgency (COIN) efforts have been more deliberate in their intelligence gathering and analysis to ensure that the most appropriate actions are taken, even at the lowest tactical level. In essence, the enhanced intelligence work effectively supports the traditional hunt-the-enemy role and at the same time, prevents unnecessary collateral damage thereby keeping the population safe. 38 With this brief account of the coalition effort in Afghanistan, it suffices to show that tremendous energies from all levels are directed at the CoG.Therefore, it can be concluded that the CoG concept remains relevant in 4GW and once it is identified, it produces consequential downriver effects that influences operations at the operational and tactical levels. Relevance of Friction, Chance and Uncertainty in the Technological World While it was earlier noted that Clausewitz would not have envisaged the technological development of today, his arguments on the variables of war friction, chance and uncertainty had not been altered.In fact, the element of uncertainty has now been compounded by the creative activity of a new dynamic variable technology itself. The advancement of technology has brought about chain of effects, impacting the social, political, bureaucratic, managerial and psychological systems. All these caused a quantum jump in the complexity of warfare. 39 Correspondingly, this led to the increased specialization and compartmentalization of th e military which in turn create internal friction.If the contact with chance creates friction, like what Clausewitz suggested, with the existing military technologies today that enable longer range communication and observation capabilities, the amount of contact with chance increases and hence friction from external sources. Take for instance, intelligence solicitation with so much information that can be acquired with the use of todays technology, that is far from being unreliable as during Clausewitzs time, the commander may be overwhelmed and become paralyzed just by trying to sift the relevant data from the trivial ones.As Clausewitz put it, We now know more, simply this makes us more, not less uncertain. 41 While technology today may have eradicated many of the old-time difficulties, it created new problems. Among the problems, include a tendency of over-reliance on technology which may hinder the development of intuition and readiness to accept risk,42 the qualities of com mander that are necessary to exploit chance and counter friction. Hence, in todays military context, friction that arises from both external and internal sources should be dealt with.

Bias & Rhetorical Devices

What are some examples of bias, fallacies, and specific rhetorical devices in the speech? The very radical of the speech begins with a campaigner who is introducing their new candidate for Governor and who expresses negative bias towards the current Governor, Jim Gettys. It begins by describing the current governing as an evil domination. That same campaigner then expresses equal bias but in a positive way, towards Charles Foster Kane, by saying he is the only ane who can rid the state of its current politics.The campaigner calls him a fighting liberal and fighter of the working man but gives no examples of why he feels that way. The speech is full of rhetorical devices, using analytical definitions to create emotion in the listeners. Charles Foster Kane points out that his only purpose is to point out and switch public, the dishonesty and downright villainy of Jim Gettys political machine. He is using hyperbole in this statement in order to exaggerate his viewpoint. besides you can read Rhetorical Devices in Night Walker by Brent StaplesHe states that this machine is in complete master of the government of the extract causing the the great unwashed to react since this is the very situation our founding fathers hoped to avoid when creating the United States Constitution. Kane is excessively aligning himself with those he knows go forth be more apparent to right to vote within his party lines such as the working man, slum child, underpaid, underprivileged and underfed. He realizes that by exaggerating the power contained by Jim Gettys and his Administration, he will reproof the folks not usually interested into voting for him, by telling them they deserve so much more.He uses the argument from outrage to express how infernal the existing government is in order to persuade the people that definitive change is needed. Various fallacies are prominent throughout the speech. One of the fallacies is the determination that Kane will be voted Governor based on the polls. However, since the election has not even begun, it is impossible for him to draw this conclusion. Also, we see the group think fallacy where Kane describes himself as the friend of the lower classes, making believe he is one of them.Argument by popularity is used when Kane assumes that the polls indicate his obvious triumph in the upcoming election and reflect him as the winner and most popular choice for voters. He is also using scare tactics when stating that the current Government has complete control over the state, and that they are a dictatorship. In all of the above cases, no information is given to support the claims being made. How did the speaker address arguments and counter arguments? The speakers arguments are unclear since he did not use common premise and conclusion statements.There are no comparisons between what Kane feels has already been through with(p) versus what he intends to do. However, he is making the claim that he will be elected as Gover nor based on the poll information. He also makes the biased claims against the Administration of Jim Gettys and the control it has over the State Government at that time. His argument leads to the unspoken conclusion that the existing government does not care for the intermediate people and that he intends to change the focus of the government to care for the decent, the underpaid, underfed, underprivileged, working men and slum children.Therefore, Kane would be the better choice as the Governor for the people of that State. I do not see any evidence of counter arguments since at no point does he state another persons claim and argue against that. Were the speakers arguments effective? Explain your answer. The speakers arguments were effective in invoking an emotional response from the listeners and persuade them that they should not vote for the existing Governor. His use of political rhetoric and fallacies were effective in creating doubt about the honesty of Gettys and his Admin istration.Kane wanted to expose the existing government as corrupt, unaffectionate and in complete control of all of their lives. He succeeded at this by using statements to invoke anger which is usually substituted for reason. There are no determinate promises made, other than to indict and convict Jim Gettys. Therefore, the people have no idea what policies or promises Kane intends to put into practice. Although the arguments were effective in persuasive techniques, they were not sound. There were no details or facts to support his claims that Kane specifically, would make a better Governor.

Smells Like Fifth Symphony: A Dissertation On The Works Of Cobain And Beethoven

Musical legends Kurt Cobain and Ludwig Van Beethoven may have lived in opposite timelines, played different kinds of music and had different musical theater influences but their passion and the workmanship that they have rendered to perfect their craft is so commendable that their masterpieces are fluent considered as one of the pillars of the music industry of today. Kurt Cobain as Kurt Donald Cobain was born on February 20, 1967. On the other hand, Ludwig Van Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770. two of them had families that had musical backgrounds, Cobains maternal uncle Chuck Fradenburg starred in a band called The Beachcombers while his Aunt Mari Earle played guitar and performed in bands passim Grays Harbor County, and his granduncle Delbert had a career as an Irish tenor making an appearance in the 1930 film King of Jazz . On the other hand, Beethoven was a grandson of a musician named Lodewijk van Beethoven where he was named after as Lodewijk which was the Dutch cogna te of Ludwig.His grandfather was employed as a bass vocalist at the court of the Elector of Cologne, rising to become Kapellmeister (music director). Moreover, his grandfather had one son, Johann van Beethoven who worked as a tenor in the corresponding musical establishment, was also giving lessons on piano and violin for additional income . With those musical genes encrypted in their DNA, it was no wonder that both of them made a mark in the music industry with their compositions. Beethovens twenty percent Symphony and Kurt Cobains Smells like Teen Spirit both catapulted them to superstars status and fame to joint the least.Even though the compositions of the two musical geniuses were 183 years apart, Smells like Teen Spirit was released on 1991 while Fifth Symphony was released on 1808, both had changed the room the music should be played in their various eras. The song Smells like Teen Spirit talked about teenage angst and not following the guidelines that the adults expect the teenagers to be. It was elucidate of a revolutionary anthem among teenagers at that time . On the contrary, experts believed that Beethovens Fifth Symphony was about fate knocking at the doorway or at the gate .Among the other differences of the two pieces was the key of the song, Teen Spirit was written in the key of F minor while Fifth Symphony was written in C minor. Furthermore, instrumentation was one of the major differences among the two pieces Fifth Symphony apply flutes, clarinets, horns among others while Teen Spirit used heavy guitar distortions and drums. However, tempo was one of the resemblances of the two compositions. They both had transition between slow notes and faster notes and vice versa. Furthermore, they also had distinctive notes played mostly throughout the song.One thing that could really connect the two musical geniuses was that Cobain loved to focus on the melodies of the songs and not the lyrics. Cobain said, why in the hell do journalists aver o n coming up with a second-rate Freudian evaluation of my lyrics, when 90 percent of the time theyve transcribed them incorrectly? With that kind of mentality, given the chance, Cobains musical idea could have worked well with the idea of Beethoven. It would like the mash-up between the classical music and rock music. For sure, the music industry would never be the same again.

Mirrors of sylvia plath and claribel alegria

The impact of dark poetry on the reader is made predominantly through correspondingly dark language- this is a popular view on the source of such kind of poetrys effect. In this essay I wouldnt like to argue this point of view but I would like to broaden the understanding of dark poetrys linguisic and semantic tools . Im going to use both poems sharing a common symbol I am Mirror by Claribel Alegria and Mirror by Sylvia Plath- to prove that they appeal to the reader not so much through denotative means like the choice of words but also implicitly.I will expose the existence of two poles in severally poem and stress an substantive role, which semantic oppositions like alive-dead, internal-external, body-soul, action-passivity, foresight- get on, reflect- hurt, human-monster and human- reflect play. Besides, I will observe how the traditional motif of a mirror as a psyches of alter-ego is transformed in both(prenominal) poems into an effective poetic tool, which ,on the one han d, forms a number of oppositions, and on the other hand, implies the idea of pain reflection as pain replication and multiplication.First, let us consider the poem I am Mirror by Claribel Alegria.. The mirror is a second self of the charr, the self that was born in the run for of some immense suffering. It is a double-sided mirror. Her pain is reflected in the external world, and vice versa, the worlds pain is reflected in her soul. But the pain is so terrific that the mirror switches on as a hold dearion mechanism. The mirror unloosens into a brilliant wall, which defends her from pain. Now she can see everything perfectly but she cannot encompass. To stress the present of hers the phrase I dont feel it is repeated a number of times.Like a silver screen, she scans what is going on around very accurately and impartially, tanks that approach, raised bayonets, bodies that fallchildren who run. The intense external action is contrasted to the internal catalepsy). She wants to ge t back life because as she says I hurt therefore I exist. Her ability to feel hurt is reduced to its physical aspect. That is why she pinches and pricks herself. Only through physical pain, she can bring back her ability to perceive worlds pain but only for a while. In a few moments, she turns back into the blank mirror that nothing penetrates. She is again a fleshless phantom protected from the pain by a brilliant wall. What is left is just a vague memory of pain. What is specific of the poem is that it does not reveal the pain itself but the pained mirrored, reflected, remembered. Pain sliding on the smooth hard surface.Let us make these two mirrors reflect in each other by comparing the two poems. As I have already said, Alegria has a kind of wall mirror, a luminous barrier to protect her from pain. It only reflects external world but nothing can penetrate the surface. It is devoid of depth, it is flat, two-sided but not two-dimensioned. On the contrary, Plaths mirrors feature is to swallow immediately whatever appears in it. It has another dimension behind it. Depth, not surface is its main attribute. This depth is meant to search there and to be afraid of. It is a lake where a odious fish lives.This fish is the womans frightening future. It is someone into whom she is going to turn in the course of time. In both poems mirror is impartial, it implies female passivity, subjugation (Freedman 1993). However, Plaths mirrors truthfulness is seen a kind of rebellion against what woman is seeking in it. In both cases, internal passivity is contrasted with external action. In Plaths poem the concept of time is of great importance. It is another dimension but the surface and depth of the mirror. The stillness of a mirror lake is contrasted with the running river of time.This river flowing through the woman transforms a young beautiful girl into a horrible fish. Hence, being a water creature, an old woman is claimed to belong to the river of time and eternity more than a young girl, still alien to it. Gradually, deep waters of time force a woman. A terrible fish is in fact a dead girl, who drowned in the lake of mirror. This is a kind of terrifying reincarnation a woman would prefer to ignore. That is why she turns to such liars as the moon and candles. Meanwhile, the mirror reflects her back faithfully. She cannot see her back mirrored, and that is an important idea. We cannot see our back, i.e. the opposite, dark side. What does it look like? maybe it IS a monster fish? We are scared to death by our own monsters.I would like to dwell on the language used in both poems and how it works toward a certain effect. What correlates with the paradigm of a mirror in Plaths poem is the use of visual language without any occurrence of hearable one. Words like darkness, pink with speckles, faces, flicker etc. create a visual picture. The opposition mingled with the pink wall and the darkness is pivotal to the poem. Black water has been always asso ciated with hidden, subconscious, uncontrollable forces inside a personality. Hence, I can say that Plaths mirror is not a medium between internal and external world, like Alegrias one. It seems to be located within the human soul itself.While in Plaths poem the attention is drawn to the visual aspect, in Alegrias one the emphasis, however strange it may seem, is on the physical aspect, on taction. Or rather it is on the ability or softness to perceive the world through touching it. That is why visual pictures, which take enough space of the poem, are deliberately detached and serve to stress the absence seizure of the woman/mirrors feeling behind them. The opposition is reflect vs. hurt That is why the dominating mood is the feeling of stifled pain. This context is suggested by the choice of words prick, pinch tortured, frightened, weeping, bleeding, stumbling, panic etc. On the otherpole of the opposition are words like phantom, fleshless, vague.The poems inward plot is a transi tion from being a woman looking at her reflection into the mirror itself. Lets read this passage at the beginningI pinch myself in the armI dont feelfrightened I look at myself in the mirrorshe also pricks herselfI begin to get dressedstumblingfrom the cornersshouts like lightning boltstortured eyesscurrying ratsand teeth shoot frontwardsalthough I feel nothingHere is the beginning point of this transition. Frightened by her lost ability to feel, she looks at herself in the mirror and sees a woman with tortured eyes and teeth shoot forth but she feels nothing because she turned into a mirror. This mirror woman leaves home and wanders through the streets reflecting horrible pictures of war. She hurts herself physically to turn back into a surviving person again but another terrifying scene prevents her from doing so and she is a fleshless phantom again.The same transition can be observed in Sylvia Plaths poem, although it is proceeds according to a slightly different pattern. The woman is not replaced by a mirror but she is swallowed by it. Being swallowed, she acquires the attributes of the object, which swallowed her. But two mirrors go on existing simultaneously- a still and eternal one and a moving mortal one. As I said before, it is running river reflected in a lake.She comes and goes.Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old womanRises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.This passage suggests how a recurrent action of everyday life is correlated with transcendental eternity.The two poems share the ambivalence of the symbol of mirror. Let us turn to what William Freedman writes about the concept of the poem. In this poem, the mirror is in effect looking into itself, for the image in the mirror is woman, the object that is itself more mirror than person. A woman will see herself both in and as a mirror. To look into the glass is to look for oneself inside or as reflected on the surface of the mirror and to seek or discover oneself in the person (or non-person) of the mirror the poem becomes a mirror not of the world, but of other mirrors and of the process of mirroring. When living mirrors gaze into mirrors, as when language stares only at itself,only mirrors and mirroring will be visible The speaker sees herself in the mirror in two senses She is the fearful image in the depths beyond the glass and she is the mirror itself ( Freedman1993).BibliographyLye, John. 1996. Critical reading a Guide https//brocku.ca/english/jlye/criticalreading.phpMcManus,Barbara.1998. Readings and Assignments. http//www.cnr.edu/bmcmanus

Case Study: Managing for Organizational Integrity

pic pic pic SUBMITTED BY PARSHU RAM ACHARYA MOUNT DRUITT TAFE INTRODUCTION The groom/ shoot for of this treat is to address how the reading transcriptions argon managed constitutionatic eachy in an makeupal consummation.How those frontline managers should be competent in managing the systems, develop demarcation plans and work outs as vigorous as managing the resource marriage suggestion be made are researched in sources listed in the Bibliography and the practicable application of it in business as demonstrated by the case study of Blacktown urban center council which is followed by the surmise of manage workplace culture systems with the help of class nones and further researched on the Blacktown urban center council and is presented as two facts instruction as theory and practical.To manage tuition systems systematically and scientifically frontline managers must be capable of identifying, acquiring, analyzing, reviewing, and using appropriate discipline so that the organization would run legally and efficiently. This chronicle is written in much(prenominal) way that it settle with all the 9 points compulsory for frontline managers to make right decisions at the right cartridge holder for the successful exploit of business, considering the proper steering of a aggroup to achieve aggroup goals and objectives.This report has been written to satisfy the requirements of course in the Electrical Engineering Unit, Ensure aggroup Effectiveness at WSI TAFE NSW Mount Druitt College. OVERVIEW Management of instruction system (MIS) is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating info in the form of information needed to stockpile kayoed the functions of focus. In a way it is a documented report of the activities those were planned and executed.It give notice also be defined as the subset of the overall indwelling control of a business covering the application of bulk, documents, technologies, and pr ocedures by focussing accountants to solving business problems such as costing a production, service or a business-wide strategy. some importantly MIS are those systems that offer managers to make decisions for the successful operation of businesses.MIS is the process of allocating information an organizations inputs, including human and economic resources, by cookery, organizing, directing, and controlling for the objective of producing goods or services desired by customers so that organizational objectives are accomplished. If management has knowledge of the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of the business, its decisions skunk be made on the earth of facts, and decisions are more than accurate and timely.As a result, the manager could easily distinguish the weaknesses and the strength of the compevery so that they could work them unwrap by rights by removing the drawbacks and overcoming the weaknesses and overpowering the strength so that the company c ould properly achieve the set goals in efficient and effective manner. In addition to this, managers should be considerably conscious(predicate) of the aim/ goal of the company and the overall team participation taking care of the entire team members Occupational Health and Safety.In the age of information technology, the need for relevant and timely information to support management in decision making is increasing due to market competition. The pronto changing environment brought approximately by the rapidly expanding capabilities of estimator equipment has substantially shortened systems life cycles. Consequently, management must continuously develop its organizations information system or, soon face the competitive disadvantage resulting from obsolete information systems. 1.Blacktown city council is a governmental organisation which governed and funded by the government of Australia and it is actively participating in the exploitation bulge outs in cooperation with Federal Government of Australia. It is a public sector as well as community sector organisation. Its nature includes developing and initiating plans and regurgitates, developing the strategies for the welfare and facilitating the heap of entire Blacktown including the dense multicultural and different community.It also includes the facilities like the basics of life including the leisure and lifestyle, arts and entertainment like libraries, parks, reserves, claw care centres, clubs etc. The nature of work involves governing all the people living in Blacktown as a local government and providing each and either facilities that a local government should endure and is capable of. It includes the managing waste ,cleaning the public places, constructing the parks, reserves, clubs , child care centres and repairing of all those and tummys of other bulges.The aim and objectives of Blacktown city council wad be briefly explained as below 1. To serve a whole Blacktown community as a parent organisation. 2. To provide each and every facilities for the diverse and dense multicultural community. 3. Carry out different planned project and implementing it for the development of Blacktown city and its welfare. 4. To workout for the different shipway that can satisfies the local people and maintains the social harmony, peace, etc. 5. To provide safe environment for people in working(a)(a) and enjoying freely. . Safeguarding the people needs and necessities and maintain secure place to live in. The project is on the Blacktown urban center council, Department of planning Engineering squads proposal of the promotion of solar city products opening moves. 2. Effective use of the information system is the key for the success of the company so that it is extremely incumbent to ensure the effective use of organisational information systems. In case if the information is not at once available strategies should be developed and the decision should be made.There are different ba rriers for the effective information gathering and unavailability of the immediate information. Poor supporting, seriously useed information systems, poor searching skills, inexperienced, untrained, unskilled managers, imperfect computer systems, lack of human resources and the politics are the great hidden costs in organisation which get out led us to the information shortage of immediate information. Hence, the strategies involved in sorting those problems out can be described as followed a. each the information systems should be properly designed with all the saucily and advance technologies. b. Outdated computer systems should be renewed and supervised with the effective and efficacious information. c. Information managing staffs should be trained and should be experience with very good skills. d. Human resources should be properly managed and workload to the workers reduced. Also information should be self-collected with best methods with raw entropy continually scanne d and selected or so useful pieces in timely manner. Examples of some common processes would include 1.Interviews with focussed questions towards organisational goal. 2. Reports should be with good alternative source of information. 3. Focusing group also including a way of getting brainstorming ideas on a particular topic from people who represent a tend of employee, client or supplier positions. 4. Questionnaires wit questions of carefully worded to lead to people to respond in a certain way. 3. To ensure the proper management of information systems it is necessary that collection of information should be timely, adequate and relevant to the needs of various teams.For the information to be on the effective use it should be available on when it is needed so that information should ga on that pointd and organised on the time. Adequate data is the complete data which is sufficient information when it is needed to be applied. Relevant information is also called as- to the point, me ans which is accurate information. Untimely and inadequate data or information could even mislead the information systems from achieving it goals. So it be humps necessary to monitor that information be relevant, sufficient and on at right time.Before the murder of the strategies it is necessary to review the organisational goal or purpose as well as occupational health and pencil eraser as these are the things which matters the most. The range of strategies that ensures the collection of information is timely, relevant and adequate to the needs of the teams can be explained in details as below a. Trans work ons processing systems All the transactions should be always monitored by the information system . All the processes of the transactions should be recorded in the database as sale items, amount, time, date, employee etc. o that each and every data goes to the system. b. management information system information base plays the most important role in information management sy stem covering in close to each and every sections of the organisation. If database is managed timely and properly, it volition be relevant, adequate and timely information. c. Decision support system As decision making is the most important and crucial part of management of any organisation, decision support system plays a brisk role in it. So it provides interactive information support to managers during the decision making process. This would help in timely and relevant decision making. . Manual systems Although electronics and digital systems become the basics of information management, manual systems are equally important yet. Filing cabinets, message books, recall directories and card systems are all legitimate information systems which are still used and plays one of important role in timely and adequate information management. The success of these strategies could be measured by comparing that information with the new information and the weakness and drawbacks can be corr ectly categorized and figured out so that managers have the right vision of their outcomes and goal.Implementation of all those systems correctly would also ensure the managerial success as well as the strategic success in organisation. 4. Planning is the basics of organisational success, as every outcome depends upon its performance plan and its implementation. The organisational strategic planning processes produce a direct equal on the organisational aim or goal. So it becomes extremely necessary that it should be on the right tract on the organisational benefit. Hence the strategic processes that would identify and report relevant information to support the organisations strategic planning processes.At team level, resource planning involves planning for the resources ( staffs, equipment, budget, technology, Company databases, Integrated management software, Client relationship management tool, Supply chain management tool, Application creases, Network infrastructure, Data serv ers and storage systems, Security devices) that is needed for next cycle. Not everyone lead be involved in the macro instruction- level resource planning that involves the acquisition of dandy and other big ticket items. However it is important that everyone in an organization undertakes this at the macro level.Many organizations have specialists or staff whose roles are dedicated to resource planning. Computer plays main role as the prerequisites for all the information systems. While computers cannot create business strategies by themselves they can service management in understanding the effects of their strategies, and help enable effective decision-making. MIS systems can be used to transform data into information useful for decision making. Computers can provide financial statements and performance reports to assist in the planning, monitoring and implementation of strategy.MIS systems provide a valuable function in that they can collate into coherent reports unmanageable volumes of data that would otherwise be broadly useless to decision makers. By studying these reports decision-makers can identify patterns and trends that would have remained unseen if the raw data were consulted manually. Those principles are relevant for the proposals that manager might take at a macro level. Most importantly the strategic planning processes can be identified and report relevant information can be supported by the pastime types of Systems a.Management information systems can be used as a support to managers to provide a competitive advantage. The system must support the goals of the organization. Most organizations are structured along functional lines, and the typical systems are identified as follows b. Accounting management information systems All accounting reports are divided by all levels of accounting managers. c. monetary management information systems The financial management information system provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization including the chief financial officer.The chief financial officer analyses historical and current financial activity, projects future financial needs, and monitors and controls the use of funds over time using the information developed by the MIS department. d. Manufacturing management information systems More than any functional area, operations have been impacted by great advances in technology. As a result, manufacturing operations have switchd. For instance, inventories are provided just in time so that great amounts of money are not spent for depot huge inventories.In some instances, raw materials are even processed on railroad cars waiting to be sent directly to the actory. Thus there is no need for warehousing. e. Marketing management information systems A marketing management information system supports managerial activity in the area of product development, distribution, pricing decisions, promotional effectiveness, and sales forecasting. More tha n any other functional areas, marketing systems rely on external sources of data. These sources include competition and customers, for example. f.Human resources management information systems Human resources management information systems are concerned with activities related to workers, managers, and other individuals employed by the organization. Because the personnel function relates to all other areas in business, the human resources management information system plays a valuable role in ensuring organizational success. Activities performed by the human resources management information systems include, work-force analysis and planning, hiring, breeding, and job assignments.The above are examples of the study management information systems which would support the decision making and the report relevant information at the strategic level. There may be other management information systems if the company is identified by different functional areas. 5. Technology plays the role o f backbone in the context of information management. All the technology should be used in such a manner that it ensures the complete utilization as well as it ensures that it can satisfy the level of information that an organisation need to fulfil its goal.So this technological information should satisfy the demand of the organisation. It is obvious that any organisation is not equivalent every time and change according to the time. So the information system or technology cannot be able to satisfy the nature of change in the information system in an organisation. So it becomes an essential that technology should be constantly monitored and constantly improved. The manager should be able of getting most out of the available technology to the organisation so that at the minimum cost and expenses company could get the maximum benefits.It is necessary to understand that the amount of information is not the problem but rather the lack of effective tools and skills to manage, use and sto re the information. The information is in the system or technology is available is not a guarantee you are deriving maximum benefit from it. So the using of technology effectively can be briefly explained in the following ways a. The resources of the organisation such as intranet and email or the existing developed system are reliable so that it does not impinge on the availability of information at any point of time. . People have been adequately briefed or trained on the use and features of the technology available so that they can properly handle the information systems and make the maximum use of available resources. c. Policies, training materials, the staff phone directory and other vital information stored on the company intranet. This saves make-up and ensures all staff has up to date information. d. A filing system should be organised in such a manner that it can be clearly and easily available to the people who are in need of it and it saves the vital time. e.A regular m aintenance process to remove documents, customers and other information that is no longer relevant or current. f. People should be trained on the regular manner so that they could properly deal with the demand of the new and developing information systems. 6. The proper management of information also includes the team involvement and it is extremely necessary that whole team is working as a unit so that maximum utilization of resources can be done with minimum input if the team work as one unit. So it becomes necessary to ensure team effectiveness.Ensuring group Effectiveness in a team plays the most important role in achieving goals and objectives of the overall organization and the team itself. The teams purpose, roles, responsibilities, goals, plans, and objectives should be identified and these are related to the organizational goals, plans and objectives. Each and every team members should be supported in meeting the expected outcomes. Plans are developed to ensure that work r equired by the organization to carry out its goals. Opportunities should be created and should be properly managed for the team to provide input into ny of the teams operations including decision making. To get maximum out of team or utilising the involvement of team in the workplace is the responsibility of manager. So managers should come out with the strategies which would maximise team part, involvement and support for the business plan and budgets. The strategies would involve following 1. Each and ever team members occupational health and safety should be ensured so that all the staff can concentrate on their work and give maximum of them. 2. eam members should be motivated towards their job and they should be constantly be considering the aim or goal of the organisation is and how they can contribute as an individual and as a team member for the company goal. 3. Team should be involved in business plan so that that the planning and its implement would be better. The common e lements of business plan including Executive summary, vision, company description, action plan, market position, product or services, operation, marketing/ sales, financial information. So if all these information are available for entire team for the business plan, team contribution would be increased. . Budgeting process should involve feedback from all key stakeholders. Apart from the intimate knowledge, team members have of operation, involving them get out make them know and understand what you are hard to achieve. If they are involved in target setting, they are more likely to accept the targets and be motivated to perform. The budgets including Revenue budget, expense budget, profit budget, cash budget, capital expenditure budget, variable budgets should be properly fixed out and the forecasting and its utilization should be properly managed. 7.Success of organisation depends upon its planning and implementation. Planning plays vital role as what ever is planned the ultimat e destination of the company as well as workplace information systems. Planning is directly associated with the organisational aim or goal, it becomes necessary that planning would be effective and its implementation can be carried out efficiently. With only one development phase remaining in the lead the new system is to put into use, managers and information specialists have a good understanding of the work necessary to implementation plan.This planning process should be a function of line management, at least as far as key decisions or alternative plans are concerned. The systems analyst may prepare plans to assist managers, but managers must have the last say. At the same time, managers require the services of the systems analyst to detail plans. The major strategies involved in implementation of plans, tasks, or milestones, can be discussed as following a. planning implementation activities should be carried out in taking consideration of the aim or purpose of company, informa tion systems and the occupational health and safety b. nnouncing the implementation is to be done so as to inform the employees of the decision to implement the new system and to ask for the employees cooperation c. organising for implementation can be described as assigning the project and information managers as well as all the new facilities including offices and information resources and equipments d. acquiring resources, facilities and offices including the adroitness of a new system to replacea currentone and major revision of the facilities e. btaining the hardware resources it plays major role in information systems as it would be the equipment for the management of workplace information including computers f. Obtaining the software resources Information managers are assign with the responsibility of the management of software required for all the information systems. The software like intranet, company websites, database should be obtained and managed by the managers g. p reparing the database data base should be designed according to the need of the information system of the organisation h. ducating and training the participants and users and i. the cutover to new system. The plans should list all subtasks for each of these major tasks so that individuals in the organisation may be assigned specific responsibilities. Developing good user documentation is an important part of the implementation process. sustenance is extremely important in diagnosing errors and marking changes, especially if end users or systems analyst that developed the system are no longer with the organisation. The documentation of manual IS may consist of . Announce the implementation 3. Organise for implementation 4. Acquire resources, facilities and offices 5. Obtain resources-hardware 6. Obtain resources-softwares 7. Prepare the database 8. Educate and train the participants and users Managing the contingency plans should be prepared to address an unexpected change to the pl an of the organisation and information systems. So managers should prepare the plans required in case of change like indus essay disputes, supply problems, loss of a key customer, and fire damage to key equipment.The effective management of contingency plans would be a. to identify the internal and external factor in the organisation that can cause a significant change to happen to the organisation b. ask a series of what if . question around those factors that affect your organisation c. brainstorm some suggestions on how you could best meet those situations with no, or minimum, disruption to your business d. briefly record these plans and file in case of need. It provide benefit you update these plans each year as part of your normal planning or budgeting process. 8.Resources plays important role in the organisational information systems as they are the basics of the information. So managing the equipments, like hardware software, databases etc. should be done. To do these reso urce proposals and estimates of the resources should be developed. For this, consultation should be carried out with the stakeholders and proposals should match the organisational business plans and organisational goal. The generalization of a new system too replace a current on may require a major revision of facilities as well as completely new offices, computer rooms, and production layouts.The project manager must prepare rough layouts and estimates and submit a proposal for approval. Facilities and space planning should begin as soon as approval of gross space allocations has been obtained. the urgency for such planning is two-fold. First here may be a long lead-time if new partitions, electrical work, air conditioning and even new building are required. Second, the detailed workflow depends upon the physical arrangements of building. The training personnel provide be more successful if their operations are base on exact physical relationships mong the people and the equipmen t in the work processes. Hardware resources The system design is made available to the suppliers of the type of computing equipment contained in the approved configuration. Each supplier is provided with the request for proposal. The description of the system design enables the suppliers to select those computing units that will d the best job. The installation schedule tells the suppliers when the equipment must be delivered and made ready for use. When suppliers choose to complete for the order, they each prepare a written proposal.When all the proposal have been received and analysed, the steering committee selects the suppliers. The information specialists provide support for this decision by studying the proposals and making recommendations. With the acquisitions approved, the firm places the order. Software Resources When a firm decides to create its own application software, the programmer uses the documentqation prepared by the systems analysts as the start point. The progr ammer may prepare more detailed documentation, such as structured English or program flowcharts.The coding is performed and the programs are tested. The end products is a software library of the application programs. 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project for the Blacktown solar cities is running from 2006 to 2013 and this business plan has been developed in the context of the solar city vision for the promotion of solar cities products. As planning and development section of Blacktown city council are committed to the conservation, restoration and enhancement of an environment which plays an important role in balancing the social, economic and environmental imperatives in Blacktown city.This orifice has the aim to promote solar products that reflect the Councils positive vision towards environment. The initiative is to train and equip a team of consultants who will promote solar products offered by Blacktown council as a solar city initiative. This team will conduct home interest in the range of solar products and encourage people for using these solar products so that they could get reasonable benefits as well as contribute towards the environment. The members of this team will inform and register the potential consumers of the councils range of products.The timing period of this initiative is one year after which it will be reviewed for its inclusion onto 2010-2011 Blacktown councils management budget. The estimated cost of this initiative is $53,705. dilate of expenditure are listed as facts in the action plan summary. As the total budget allocation for health and environment services for 2009-2010 is $1,676,128. With its help Blacktown residents, business and community organisations save money by using free energy more wisely, contribute towards environment, saving energy and generating their own energy then it should be considered worthwhile.This initiative is taken in response to a lack of formally recruited consultants who will be promoting the Solar City products in the Blacktown area. The types of products being promoted includes different packages that will be provided featuring solar PV, solar hot water, energy efficiency, free energy audits, smart meters, demand management, cost reflective pricing and innovative financing which would be easy, economic, effective and efficient. 2. VisionThe promotion of Solar City Products initiative is consistent with the Solar City Vision of the Blacktown Council. This is outlined below Blacktown Solar City Facts Blacktown City is the front Solar City in New South Wales. With funding under the Australian Governments $75 million Solar Cities initiative, the Blacktown Solar City consortium is working with industry, businesses and the local community to rethink the way they produce and use energy.PRACTICAL BENEFITS OF SOLAR CITY VISION FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY all over one megawatt of solar electricity technology will be installed on private and public housing and on commercial and iconic buil dings, which saves a lot of electricity which could be sold to the foreign country to have a good national income as well would be supplied to the remote part of the country. Financial solutions will be available to help consumers finance their solar systems so that there will be no financial problems for it. About 5000 job vacancy will be created so as to fight with the current job losses and economic downturn in the country. More than 2,100 solar water heaters will be installed in private and public housing, which will help to reduce the bill as well as use right source of energy. 3,500 energy efficiency consultations for households and businesses which would serve people. 30,000 energy efficinency packs will be available for households and commercial customers, to support their energy efficient choices. Offering 1,000 customers the opportunity to adopt pricing structures that allow them to save money by changing the times they use energy. 200 households will receive discoun ted ceiling insulation packages to participate in a trial to measure energy savings from properly installed insulation. A trial giving energy providers direct access to air conditioner and pool pump switches will be conducted during periods of peak electricity demand. 4,000 smart meters will give residential customers timely information on energy use. 3. PROFILE OF BLACKTOWN CITY COUNCIL Blacktown city council is just 35 km from the Sydney CBD. It is a home to over 295,000 people making it as the largest local government area in New South Wales.Blacktown city race is spread across 46 suburbs. The 12 industrial estates, 2 major retail centres and 30 local retail and commercial centres are providing employment for more than 100,000 multicultural and varied diverse individuals. Five leisure centres, four libraries , over 20 child care facilities, as well as high profile clubs, tourism , sporting, entertainment, accommodation, conference and other recreational facilities and some 85 0 parks and reserves are fulfilling the demands of leisure and lifestyle, and arts and entertainment of local people.The council has a debt free budget of over $275 million. 15 councillors including Mayer of Blacktown city are running the council. This council is highly efficient in waste management and strongly protective of our environment. This council was awarded the states most prestigious local government award for performing to the highest standards of excellence in public services. 4. ACTION PLAN Long Term Goal To promote the range of Solar Products provided by Blacktown Council in the city of Blacktown by 2010. Short to Medium Term Objectives To train and equip 15 consultants to represent the range of Solar Products offered by Blacktown Council. To Support a team of consultants to inform and register potential consumers of the Blacktown councils range of Solar Products. Strategies over next 1 Actions to achieve Key Results disbursement Timing Responsibility year Recruit and determine Planning for all activities Advertisement, June 01-june09 Human resources, Training needs of training, managing people, interviewing, 15 engineers. Consultants Team. workshops etc. External Salary for working 2 days Per week or 15 $30*15*16 hrs June09-june10 organisation for consultants $70*6hrs*4days June*4 days all those Training with the operation of solar panels $35*4hrs*2days July*2days activities and solar technology $30*15stud July*6hrs including, Training in council code of conduct. $80*15stud July*6hrs trainer, TAFE course 24962A customer service $775*15stud June*16hrs advertisement Laptop computer course agents, Consulting workshop(consultant training interviewer, Australia) trainer Determine and implement Council uniforms$10/shirt*5shirts(each $50 July Team leader, facilities and equipment working day). 50 /pair of pants *5(each $250 July purchase ofr Consultants Teams working day) July departm ent home visits Paper copy contract $15000 July Toshiba laptops at $1000ea*15 $720 July Sample kits containing pamphlet and DVD $1500 showcase at $5ea* 10kits *15 consultants. $33750 July Nokia Mobile pone $100 ea $3750 july Council fleet car/ Petrol card 45*15*50 weeks 3. Determine and $3582 implement support systes Wireless profits for support(unwired July09-June10. Engineers, external to enable the consultantsinternet)$19. 0/month x15x 12 months sources teams home visit 5. Key Aims, objectives and benefits to be gained a. Savings of over 22 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually. b. Contribution to the national economic growth and fight against job losses. c.Reduced greenhouse emissions by more than 24000 tonnes each year which would contribute on the environment. d. yearly savings of $3 million in electricity bills for the Blacktown City community. e. Valuable information and lessons learned will inform energy and gree nhouse policies. f. Use of continuous source of energy and contribution towards safe and healthy environment. g. Increasing the economy of Blacktown as well as Australia. 6. Capital and other requirements The total expenditure for the action plan would be utilised to implement the plan. So the capital amount would be required to be $100,000 as $81,037 would be the total expenditure in performing the above mentioned activities in the case of implementing the action plan.Within the capital amount, the expenditure should be satisfied fulfilling all necessary equipments including laptops, personal office setups, salaries, training etc. 7. TIMELINE As the whole project of Blacktown solar city has got a big timeline of 7 years from 2006 to 2013. But it is for the completion of the project. This action plan for project of solar city should be completed within 2010. When starting from June 1, the starting or the implementing the action plan would take up to July 30. But this is just the st arting of the implementation of the action plan. The entire year left from July till 2010 would include the implementation, which would include the working days for team of 15 members of engineers. 8.RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN AND DATA appealingness A research undertaken includes the survey conducted in the Blacktown city. The survey through telephone, direct conversation, Feedback from the website, consultation with the analysts of the Blacktown city council also with all the staffs, public areas, e-mail, mailbox etc. can be done to collect the data and know the weakness area and the strong ponit. The data collection in the database would also includes the feedbacks with recommendations, which can be reviewed for the change in strategies and plan for the Blacktown solar city. 9. VERIFICATION OF DATA The forth coming data collected from the overall survey is needed to be verified.All of those data should be checked and confirmed that those data would give the idea that what brings the cle ar concepts of the public vision and city council can know what they want and how they want. So this data must be review by the approved person in the organisation who can sort out the issues relating the data collection through the researched. This data is send to the team manager or the chief engineer for review. 10. FINANCIAL CALCULATION AND CAPITAL SOURCES Blacktown City Council is dedicated to providing residents with the best possible living and working environments, as well as making plans for the future that promote the interests of those who live, work and play in the City. The 2009-2012 Management Plan (including 09/10 Budget) was adopted by Council on the 17 of June 2009.It outlines how Council will allocate its resources to service the City in a financially responsible and equitable manner, to ensure quality services and resources are delivered to our community. found on the expenditure, the capital amount which is the direct source from the budget is to be outlined. Bl acktown city council expanses in the field of solar city project are about $100,000 and which includes $53,705 for the initiatives and remaining of the budget is to be modified or reviewed by the chief engineer or the team leader, So that the proper utilization of budget is carried out. 11. RECOMMENDATIONS This proposal recommends that the idea behind implementing the project, Blacktown solar city is the best thing to do by a local government like Blacktown city council.The benefits of solar products such as solar water heater, solar PV, etc to the people would certainly encourage the Blacktown city resident for contributing in environment conservation and global melting reduction. This projects should run not only on the Blacktown premises but should be carried out in whole world so that every one in the world would get benefit of it and we could see better future. Conclusion The above mentioned facts of theoretical way of managing workplace information systems and their practicab le application in the Blacktown city councils solar city project would satisfies all the basics required for the management of workplace information systems. Bibliography 1. www. blacktown. nsw. com. au 2. www. integral. com. au 3. Handouts given in the class about the case study of blacktown city council. THE END

Public Relations in college Athletics Essay

worldly concern relations play important role in linking college ath permitics with other colleges and news media. It represents college athletics related issues to media level. commonplace relation is responsible for handling all communication and training exchange between the college and athletics and media. It too promotes and check relations with other colleges and universities.Public relations get break also keep news site updated to keep inform the community ab by the current issues, updates and goals.Public relation schedule provide handled all media related inquires, it regularly updates near novel interrogation carried out in the faculty, promote inter-colleges sports and workshops, other promotional syllabuss in the community and many other activities on the campuses.Public relation facilitates inter-departmental, inter-community and genial relations.AssessmentCollege athletic general relations goal is to develop such programs to reserve good public relati ons with the community and to promote scholar athletics sports, moral, physical, social and ablaze growth. much(prenominal) programs will keep individuals involve with creative activities and simultaneously promote their social relations with the community, a awargonness of responsibility and increase their morals.Plan or board policy in relation to an existing public relations/marking plan or programOne of the main purposes of the public relations is to let the students and community learn college rules and regulations and respect it in all circumstances in order to provide balanced educational activity and creative skills.Public relations board will responsible for making new guidelines and policies for pack especially parents and guardians to keep them update of regulations and procedures.Public relations board will develop such policies in order to keep details of all programs and guidelines for the community, guardians and students. The policies must(prenominal) define and update the students and communities needs. It must also prepare information regarding programs to give student and guardians full information.EvaluationAccording to a recent research (Parry and Hayden, 1993) postgraduate students benefit from the program only when these students are paid attention separately, faculty and departmental staff clearly verify the assistance these students should receive. For recruiting more students in postgraduate program following strategies are needed to be implemented in the new curricula. These strategies are formed after careful psychoanalysis of the problems that were faced by the students, which were causing decline in students strength in the university. Creative ideas were generated to find out various possible number of solutions for the prevailing problems.Recruitment and selection of students in that respect is a need to develop a unique workable policy for accommodating minimum or maximum number of students in the postgraduate program on the basis of preferred recruitment practices and on the university standards to recruit students per class.There is also a need to start scholarships for students who are unable to pay their full fee.Technical expertise and competencies in their language should be considered mandatory prior to admission.Apart from quantitative analysis of students recruitment, university should also consider the qualitative approach to recruit students. Thus, admitting those students who are skillful and eligible for the program. And who will prove to be good in giving out results, thus, improving the standards of university in terms of qualitative education.Audit of an existing safety devicety or crisis prevention planStaff and supervisorsAll staff and supervisors should be highly qualified and experienced.Per supervisor and staff, students allocated should be evaluated.Number of supervisor allocated per faculty should be evaluatedNew developmental strategies for students, supervisors and staff For every student at that place should be a clear statement for the academic mission of the university and department, research achievements, focus of teaching at the university, discipline rules that are to be followed.Every student should have a clear idea about departmental activities, social and intellectual prospects, facilities, resources, services, support, research facilities, and other procedures.In addition, there should be accommodation facilities, offices for institutionalise typing, laboratory space, technical support, research equipment, computerized infrastructure, photocopying, library facilities, telephone, email and facsimile facilities, research grants and paid work.All supra mentioned facilities should be publicized among undergraduate students, who might get interested in taking admission in postgraduate.Recent research showed that postgraduate students find various elements useful such as outline of the research they are taking, opportunity to meet other post graduates, academics, administrative, technical staff and faculty.Selection of topics should be made casual and should be in consistent with the research facilities and monetary resources available in the department.Each student should be guided individually that how they have to conduct research. Each student should be encouraged to acquire specialiser assistance in writing thesis, computing, analysis of data, researching in library and archives in the management database. utilise recommended assessment techniques, There should be regular meetings and discussions between the supervisors, other research students for keep check on the progress of work and new innovative ideas that research students might learn from each other.Each student should keep a record of his or her work. Similarly, each supervisor should keep record of their supervision to lift any misunderstanding between student and the supervisor. There should be brief records of meetings, discussions, deadlines set for the accomplishment of received task or research work, notes on advice provided to each student, photocopies of other important notes, drafts and student diaries.Working consanguinity with other students should be kept in harmony. Students should have opportunities to mix socially with other departmental students. There should be network of students to get mixed with each other and learn each other problems, research and learning abilities.Progress of each student should be completely checked. There should be a decided policy to monitor the continuous progress of students.There should be new developmental policies to provide financial assistance for research and other postgraduate students.Each student should keep participating in conferences, seminars and colloquia for share-out their knowledge with other research scholars of the same fields.Create an assessment tool to evaluate a program, The programs success depends on individual outcomes, hence, it is important to judge wheth er these outcomes are worth epoch or practiced achieved. The desired outcomes of this program are listed below.It will remedy motor skills of a student and he would improve his locomotive and perceptual motor skillsThe program will enhance their learning and memorizing capability. A student will be able to give more attention to his studies.The student will develop break down social relations. He would be better off in school and at home.Students emotional and psychological development will improve. Emotional problems are usually correlated with his physical, social and cognitive development. still as his cognitive, social and physical development enhances, his emotional development will improve.The program will improve quality of education at school. The student after being trained will have better skills to interact with his environment and will yield better results.The program is cost effective and will safe cost of future problems that may arise due to lack of education and training at this age.The program will speed up students cognitive development. The program is not offered for a particular need but it will improve overall development and generalized needs of a student.Teachers and trainers will find it easier to train through this program rather than typical way of teaching. Building and modeling warmth relationships is crucial to the preservice teachers capacity to receive curricular mental object and their ability to teach that content to young student. (Lake, Jones, & Dagli, 2004)The program would be able to preserve social and morel values through better education and training of a student. As student are major and most crucial beings in convey such values.The program protects students right to live and develop to their full potential while benefiting from the environment.ReferencesLake, Jones, & Dagli (2004) Handle With Care Integrating Caring Content in Mathematics and Science Methods Classes. Journal of look into in Childhood Educatio n Vol. 19, Nos. 1 & 2, Fall 2004 and Winter 2004Parry, S. and M. Hayden. 1993. Supervising Higher Degree seek Students. Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service.